A Taxonomic Catalogue of Japanese Nemerteans (Phylum Nemertea)

Kajihara, Hiroshi

doi:10.2108/zsj.24.287

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Kajihara (2007) considers that ''this character state can be erroneously identified by misinterpretation of a body fragment as an intact specimen''. The fragile nature of Cephalothrichidae body tissues and problems related to its preservation support Kajihara's hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding reveals a cryptic nemertean invasion in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters

Fernández-Álvarez

Machordom

2013

Helgol Mar Res

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For several groups, like nemerteans, morphologybased identification is a hard discipline, but DNA barcoding may help non-experts in the identification process. In this study, DNA barcoding is used to reveal the cryptic invasion of Pacific Cephalothrix cf. simula into Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Although DNA barcoding is a promising method for the identification of Nemertea, only 6 % of the known number of nemertean species is currently associated with a correct DNA barcode. Therefore, additional morphological and molecular studies are necessary to advance the utility of DNA barcoding in the characterisation of possible nemertean alien invasions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding reveals a cryptic nemertean invasion in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters

Fernández-Álvarez

Machordom

2013

Helgol Mar Res

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“…With approximately 1200 known species [2], they comprise the phylum Nemertea, which is classified into three subgroups, Palaeonemertea, Pilidiophora (=Heteronemertea + Hubrechtella and related forms) and Hoplonemertea [3,4,5]. They are generally carnivorous, with no morphological or behavioral means of protection against potential predators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Toxic Ribbon Worm Cephalothrix simula Containing Tetrodotoxin in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

Asakawa

Ito

Kajihara

2013

Toxins

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In 1998, during a toxicological surveillance of various marine fouling organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan, specimens of the ribbon worm, Cephalothrix simula (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) were found. These ribbon worms contained toxins with extremely strong paralytic activity. The maximum toxicity in terms of tetrodotoxin (TTX) was 25,590 mouse units (MU) per gram for the whole worm throughout the monitoring period. The main toxic component was isolated and recrystallized from an acidified methanolic solution. The crystalline with a specific toxicity of 3520 MU/mg was obtained and identified as TTX by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescent detection (FLD) (HPLC-FLD), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest toxicity of C. simula exceeded the human lethal dose per a single worm. A toxicological surveillance of C. simula from 1998 to 2005 indicated approximately 80% of the individuals were ranked as “strongly toxic” (≥1000 MU/g). Forty-eight percent of the specimens possessed toxicity scores of more than 2000 MU/g. Seasonal variations were observed in the lethal potency of C. simula. Specimens collected on January 13, 2000 to December 26, 2000 showed mean toxicities of 665–5300 MU/g (n = 10). These data prompted a toxicological surveillance of ribbon worms from other localities with different habitats in Japan, including Akkeshi Bay (Hokkaido) under stones on rocky intertidal beaches, as well as Otsuchi (Iwate) among calcareous tubes of serpulid polychaetes on rocky shores. Within twelve species of ribbon worms examined, only C. simula possessed extremely high toxicity. Therefore, C. simula appears to show generally high toxicity irrespective of their locality and habitat.

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“…3(C)). Looking at the phylum Nemertea, over 120 species have been reported from Japan (Kajihara, 2007), but 20 species that are probably undescribed have been found from the Surveys (Fig. 3(D)).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

JAMBIO Coastal Organism Joint Surveys reveals undiscovered biodiversity around Sagami Bay

Nakano

Kakui

Kajihara

et al. 2015

Regional Studies in Marine Science

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A Taxonomic Catalogue of Japanese Nemerteans (Phylum Nemertea)

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

DNA barcoding reveals a cryptic nemertean invasion in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters

DNA barcoding reveals a cryptic nemertean invasion in Atlantic and Mediterranean waters

Highly Toxic Ribbon Worm Cephalothrix simula Containing Tetrodotoxin in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

JAMBIO Coastal Organism Joint Surveys reveals undiscovered biodiversity around Sagami Bay

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