A taxonomic revision of the Lichen genus Hypogymnia in Australasia.

Elix, JA

doi:10.1071/bru9790175

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Everniastrum (Hale ex Sipman) Divakar et al, but belongs to clade II of Bulbothrix. Within different clades of parmelioid lichens, terrestrial species have evolved that differ morphologically from their saxicolous or corticolous relatives, such as vagrant species in the genus Xanthoparmelia (Elix et al 1986;Hale 1990), and some of them have been placed in separate genera. However, phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that they actually are not separate isolated lineages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The monotypic genus Bulborrhizina belongs to Bulbothrix sensu lato (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

et al. 2015

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The monotypic genus Bulborrhizina belongs to Bulbothrix sensu lato (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

et al. 2015

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“…30 lichenan in the cell walls. The genus was monographed by Elix et al (1986) from Australasia and by Hale (1990). Xanthoparmelia conspersa is the type species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field meeting in Gower, South Wales

Gilbert

Orange

Fletcher³

1992

The Lichenologist

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The Gower peninsula (Fig. 1), is approximately 20 km long and 10 km wide; it forms the western extremity of the vice-county of Glamorgan (V.C. 41). The westerly, coastal position, and the rural character of the peninsula have largely protected it from air pollution. The climate is generally moist and mild, annual rainfall being around 1020 mm, rising to 1150 mm on the higher ground; it is spread over approximately 160 wet days. The climate is drier and warmer than elsewhere in Wales with the exception of some coastal areas in the northwest and southwest. Solid geology largely comprises Carboniferous Limestone, with Old Red Sandstone forming ridges of high ground. The Autumn Meeting of the British Lichen Society, based at Parkmill, was held from 10-15 September 1990, and attracted 17 members. Carboniferous Limestone The greater part of southern Gower is composed of a hard, pure limestone that is well exposed in coastal cliffs and along the sides of narrow dry valleys that run down to the sea. As the rocks are sharply folded it is possible to find surfaces of all aspects and inclinations. Most exposures are in a natural condition, although the frequent remains of lime kilns suggest locally extensive former quarrying. Where long-abandoned quarries could be definitely identified, they showed little reduction in species diversity compared with adjacent areas. As FIG. 1. Map of Gower showing locations of principal sites visited, and the lines of the 10 km National Grid. Scale = 5 km. Inset map of Wales shows location of Gower. Localities:

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“…We estimated ancestral range probabilities using the R package ‘BioGeoBEARS’ (Matzke, ) based on the dated tree obtained in beast . Species distributions were obtained from selected literatures (Bitter, ; Elix, ; Lai, ; McCune, Divakar, & Upreti, ; McCune & Wang, ) and unpublished results of the first author. Elvebakk () and Miadlikowska et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The saxicolous genera Arctoparmelia and Brodoa contain a number of species with wide, often circumpolar distribution (Goward, 1986;Hale, 1986), the corticolous genus Pseudevernia includes temperate species mostly restricted to a continent and adjacent areas (Egan, 2016;Hale, 1968;Nash & Elix, 2002). In contrast, Hypogymnia has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in temperate regions of both the northern and southern Hemisphere (Elix, 1979;Elvebakk, 2011;McCune, 2002;McCune, Martin, & Wang, 2003). Hypogymnia also comprises species with restricted distributional ranges, such as western North America, eastern Asia, and the southern Hemisphere or Eurasia (Elix, 1979;Elix & James, 1982;Hawksworth, 1973;Lai, 1980;McCune & Wang, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Miocene dispersal events explain the cosmopolitan distribution of the Hypogymnioid lichens

Divakar

Wei

McCune

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Contemporary species’ distributions are shaped by both geography and historical events, such as extinction, diversification in specific areas and long‐distance dispersals. In the most diverse family of lichen‐forming fungi, Parmeliaceae, the Hypogymnioid clade, is an example of an evolutionary lineage comprised of species occurring in temperate to subpolar regions in both hemispheres. Here, we elucidate the timing of diversification events and the impact of historical events on the species distribution in this lineage. Location Worldwide. Taxon Genera Arctoparmelia, Brodoa, Hypogymnia and Pseudevernia (Parmeliaceae). Methods Our sampling focused on the most diverse genus of the clade, Hypogymnia, including c. 70% of the described species. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using a multi‐locus data set, estimated divergence times, and inferred ancestral distributions. Results Our analyses suggest that the ancestor of the Hypogymnioid clade occurred in the Holarctic. In each of the four genera, all recovered as monophyletic here, diversification have occurred largely during the Miocene and Pliocene. A number of currently accepted species did not form monophyletic groups, especially in cases where specimens were collected from distinct geographic areas, with multiple, distinct clades corresponding to the geographic region of origin. Our results suggest that only a very few species in the Hypogymnioid clade have cosmopolitan distributions, all of which reproduces using vegetative propagules including both symbiotic partners. Main conclusions While the diversification occurred predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere during the Miocene, a long‐distance dispersal event from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere, resulted in diversification of a clade of species largely restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. Similar to other groups in this diverse family, our study highlights the need for re‐evaluation of species boundaries among members of the Hypogymnioid clade.

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A taxonomic revision of the Lichen genus Hypogymnia in Australasia.

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

The monotypic genus Bulborrhizina belongs to Bulbothrix sensu lato (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

The monotypic genus Bulborrhizina belongs to Bulbothrix sensu lato (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

Field meeting in Gower, South Wales

Parallel Miocene dispersal events explain the cosmopolitan distribution of the Hypogymnioid lichens

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