A Taxonomic Study of Graminella nigrifrons, a Vector of Corn Stunt Disease, and Its Congeners in the United States (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)1

Kramer, J. P.

doi:10.1093/aesa/60.3.604

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The blackfaced leafhopper, Graminella nigrfrons (Forbes), is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous leafhoppers found in the principle maize (Zea mays L.) producing areas in the eastern United States (Kramer, 1967;Stoner & Gustin, 1967). G. nigrifrons is the most common (Rosenkranz, 1969) and efficient vector (Nault etal., 1973;Nault & Madden, 1988) of maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), which causes an important stunting disease of maize in the United States (Gordon & Nault, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature and host plant on the development of the blackfaced leafhopper

Larsen

Madden

Nault

1990

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Population dynamics of the blackfaced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), was studied at five temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27, & 30 °C) in the laboratory on seedling maize (Zea mays L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and the perennial johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.). Effects of temperature and host plant on egg to adult mean development time, adult size and weight, and fecundity were determined. Leafhoppers on all three hosts developed fastest at the highest temperature tested (21.3 days), and slowest at the lowest temperature tested (73.2 days). The duration from first to last adult eclosion was shortest at 30 °C, (11.5 days) and longest at 18 °C (43 days). The sex ratio of males to females did not differ from 1:1, but males developed an average of 1.2 days faster than females on all three hosts. Mean percent development/day ranged from 1.4% at 18 °C to 4.7% at 30 °C. The relationship of this development rate and temperature was determined using both a linear model and a variable parameter biophysical model. Based on these models, the developmental threshold is estimated at 12–15 °C. The lowest temperature yielded larger and heavier adults (312 μg, dry weight) than did the highest temperature (225 μg). Fewer leafhoppers developed on the perennial than the annuals at 30 °C and fewer on the annuals than the perennial at 18 ° C. Our results suggest that early in the season johnsongrass and perhaps other perennials are the superior developmental hosts for this leafhopper, whereas in midsummer when temperatures are highest, annuals are the better hosts. Résumé Effet de la température et de la plante‐hôte sur le développement de Graminella nigrifrons La dynamique des populations (durée de développement de l'œuf à l'adulte, poids et taille des adultes, fécondité) de G. nigrifrons Forbes (Homop. Cicadellidae) a été étudiée au laboratoire à 5 températures sur plantules de maïs (Zea mays L.), avoine (Avena sativa L.) et sorgho vivace (Shorgum halepense (L.) Pers.). Sur les 3 plantes, les mâles se développent en moyenne 1,2 j plus vite que les femelles. Les relations entre vitesse de développement et température ont été déterminées en utilisant à la fois un modèle linéaire et le modèle biophysique à 2 paramètres de Sharpe & DeMichele (1977). Les températures plus basses donnent des adultes des 2 sexes plus gros et plus lourds. Moins de G. nigrifrons se sont développés sur la graminée vivace que sur les 2 graminées annuelles à la température la plus élevée (30 °C), tandis qu'à la température la plus basse (18 °C) moins de cicadelles se sont développées sur les graminées annuelles. La température semble jouer un rôle significatif en déterminant l'adéquation des plantes comme hôtes convenant au développement de G. nigrifrons. Le potentiel de ponte de cette cicadelle avait été sous‐estimé par les étudies précédentes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature and host plant on the development of the blackfaced leafhopper

Larsen

Madden

Nault

1990

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…It supports mostly leafhoppers of the genus Graminella (Table 1; Hamilton and Whitcomb 2010), of which two occur in the study area: G. pallidula (Osborn), a Great Lakes species found at four sites in CT, MA, and RI, and the widespread G. aureovittata (Sanders and DeLong). The latter was found at two coastal sites in CT and NH, plus Hempstead Plains; it is known also from MA as well as the Gulf states and IL (Kramer 1967). I have found it also on the last remaining grassland on the Marblehead alvar in OH at the western end of Lake Erie.…”

Section: Leafhoppersmentioning

confidence: 61%

Unraveling the Enigma of an Atlantic Prairie

Hamilton

2012

Northeastern Naturalist

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“…Each male leafhopper Was evaluated and categorized as either a blackfaced leafhopper or not a blackfaced leafhopper. Taxonomic characteristics as described by Kramer (1967) were used for identification, with the principal identifying characteristic being the configuration of the male genitalia. Training in identification was provided by Dr. Chris Dietrict, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Viral Disease Incidence in Corn (Zea mays) as Affected by Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

1998

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Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of postemergence johnsongrass control on incidence of maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) in corn and to confirm the presence and movement of the blackfaced leafhopper, the insect vector of MCDV. Corn plants surrounded by MCDV- and MDMV-infected rhizomatous johnsongrass were either treated or not treated with nicosulfuron at 35 g ai/ha. Corn tissue samples were taken at the time of treatment and 4, 9, 14, and 21 d after treatment and the presence of MCDV and MDMV was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus incidence in treated experimental units was higher at the later sampling dates relative to the nontreated. Earlier differences in incidence of MCDV and MDMV double infection in corn were detected where johnsongrass was controlled. Movement of the insect vector of MCDV was observed within the experimental area after johnsongrass was controlled, but was not significantly different from that in nontreated areas.

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A Taxonomic Study of Graminella nigrifrons, a Vector of Corn Stunt Disease, and Its Congeners in the United States (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)1

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of temperature and host plant on the development of the blackfaced leafhopper

Effect of temperature and host plant on the development of the blackfaced leafhopper

Unraveling the Enigma of an Atlantic Prairie

Quantification of Viral Disease Incidence in Corn (Zea mays) as Affected by Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

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