A taxonomy of green innovators: Empirical evidence from South Korea

Abstract

Do the additionality effects of R&D tax credits vary across sectors? The paper presents a microeconometric analysis of this question for three countries: Norway, Italy and France. We use a panel of firm-level data from three waves of the Innovation Surveys carried out in these countries for 2004, 2006 and 2008. The study estimates input and output additionality effects of R&D tax credits in each of these economies, and it investigates how these effects differ across sectors characterized by different R&D orientation and competition conditions. The results point out that firms in industries with high R&D orientation have on average higher propensity to apply to R&D fiscal incentives schemes and stronger input and output additionality effects. Output additionality is found to differ among the three examined countries.

A Taxonomy of Eco-Innovation Types in SMEs: Exploring Different Firm Profiles in the Canadian Wine Industry

“…Third, adopting and developing eco-innovations can be contingent on firms' structural characteristics. Castellacci and Lie [13] and Bossle et al [4] point out that firm size has a significant effect in this regard, whereas Pinget et al [38] show that older firms are more likely to develop and adopt eco-innovations because they possess more competences, knowledge and resources to support an environmental innovation strategy. A similar conclusion is reached by Protogerou et al [39], who show that young and small firms can suffer from the liability of newness, and that small firms have limited innovation opportunities and limited knowledge resources.…”

“…Our starting point is the consideration that different forms of eco-innovation can be linked to each other. As explained by Castellaci and Lie [13] (p. 1039), "firms which invest in green technologies do not focus on only one type of eco-innovation, but they simultaneously invest to produce different types of green innovations". Castellacci and Lie [13] also argue that there is a general degree of association between different types of eco-innovation, and this paper examines this claim in the context of the wine industry, where the importance of eco-innovations has been increasing in recent years [20].…”

“…As explained by Castellaci and Lie [13] (p. 1039), "firms which invest in green technologies do not focus on only one type of eco-innovation, but they simultaneously invest to produce different types of green innovations". Castellacci and Lie [13] also argue that there is a general degree of association between different types of eco-innovation, and this paper examines this claim in the context of the wine industry, where the importance of eco-innovations has been increasing in recent years [20]. On the basis of these considerations, and in the context of the Canadian wine industry, it can be expected that when firms are involved in eco-innovations, they tend to produce more than one type of eco-innovation simultaneously.…”

“…The objective of the empirical analysis was to search for a taxonomy of eco-innovation strategies in the Canadian wine sector and relate each strategy to a set of innovation-related conditions and firms' structural factors. The method chosen to develop this taxonomy was characterized as follows: (a) it was based on an analysis of firm-level data; it was therefore not assumed that firms in the wine industry are homogeneous in terms of their eco-innovation strategies; instead, we explicitly investigated whether there were different patterns of eco-innovation in the wine industry; (b) we used formal statistical procedures to identify eco-innovation strategies similar to those used by Castellacci and Lie [13] and Kiefer et al [14], who developed a taxonomy of the combinations of the different forms of eco-innovation produced by firms; (c) the data we used were better suited for investigating small firms (fewer than 20 employees) than the Canadian Survey on Innovation and Business Strategy, and there is a lack of official statistics on the Canadian wine industry.…”

“…This is problematic because it constrains the understanding of eco-innovation as a complex phenomenon, and in particular whether special relationships exist between different types of eco-innovation. Castellacci and Lie [13] and Kiefer et al [14] argue that this issue deserves further research.…”