A Taxonomy of Protest Voting

Abstract

Observers of elections often report that voters have engaged in protest voting. We find that “protest voting” refers to a wide range of behaviors, and we create a taxonomy of these phenomena. Support for fringe or insurgent parties is often labeled as protest voting. Voting theorists have used the term in a completely different way, identifying an unusual type of tactical voting as protest voting. Protest voting also occurs when voters cast blank, null, or spoiled ballots. There are also instances when protest voting is organized and directed by political elites. Finally, several countries provide voters with the option of casting a vote for “None of the Above,” which some see as a form of protest voting. In addition to developing this taxonomy, we discuss the analytical and empirical challenges confronting research on each type of protest voting.

Validez del voto en blanco en Chile: un análisis crítico

“…403-418. 19 McMurray, 2017 Véanse, con referencias adicionales, Álvarez;Kiewiet;Núñez, 2018, p. 2;Superti, 2015, p. 4;Zufilkarpasic, 2001, pp. 253 y 264-266.…”

Why Voting Does Not Imply Consenting

“…However, if distrust extends to the basic rules of democracy itself, there is less reason to vote since citizens no longer assume that their vote will make a difference. Especially with regard to the electoral process itself, Alvarez et al (2018) have demonstrated that citizens are less motivated to vote if they do not believe the electoral procedure will be administered in a fair manner. While it might be true that political distrust will be associated with various non-institutionalized forms of political participation, it is most likely to deter electoral participation."…”

«Δεν Υπάρχει Εναλλακτική Λύση»: Η Σημασία Της Μηντιακής Πλαισίωσης Και Των Κοινωνικοψυχολογικών Διαδικασιών Στην Πρόβλεψη Συλλογικής Δράσης Την Εποχή Της Κρίσης

“…Ο τέταρτος παράγοντας (με ιδιοτιμή 1.15, 8% της διακύμανσης, και όλα τα φορτία > .9) ονομάστηκε εξτρεμισμός (συμμετοχή σε βανδαλισμούς και βίαιες συγκρούσεις, Pearson's r= .89). Η παρούσα έρευνα δεν εξετάζει την εκλογική συμπεριφορά, η οποία έχει ερευνηθεί ως η συνήθης πολιτική συμπεριφορά (βλ., Alvarez, Kiewiet, & Núñez, 2018. Obschonka, Stuetzer, Rentfrow, Lee, Potter, & Gosling, 2018, αλλά τις πολιτικές συμπεριφορές που εκδηλώθηκαν ως απάντηση στην τρέχουσα πολιτική πραγματικότητα της συζήτησης των μνημονίων.…”