A Technique to Control the Harmonic Levels in Time-Modulated Antenna Arrays—Theoretical Concept and Hardware Verification Platform

Ball, Edward; Tennant, A.

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2978894

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Simulation results are shown for M = 8 and 16, equally spaced point DWT for calculating switching amplitude and phase for TMAA. In Ball and Tennant, 47 the effect of slew in the RF switches for TMAA of six‐elements with harmonic beam steering has been discussed. Then present use of bipolar RF switches to reduce the fundamental carrier signal radiation with respect to the steered harmonic signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐beam steered harmonic pattern synthesis in timed antenna array with optimized and pre‐defined RF switching

Ram

2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optimal harmonic beam steering of the time‐modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) with optimized and pre‐defined ON and OFF switching schemes are proposed in this work. Three different approaches are considered to obtain various beam steering behaviors of TMLAA. The first approach is considered for the optimization of ON–OFF switching sequence for the steering of the harmonic beams toward approximately ±30° along with the simultaneous reduction of side lobe level (SLL) and side band level (SBL). Second approach is considered for the optimization of ON–OFF switching sequence for the steering of the harmonic beams toward approximately ±30° and ±60° simultaneously. Third approach is considered for the optimal reduction of SLL and SBL of harmonically steered beams for a pre‐defined ON–OFF switching scheme. Two unique cost function is proposed in this work to achieve the optimal parameter for above mentioned three different approaches. The first cost function is used for the optimization of Ton and Toff switching sequence and antenna element spacing of the array. These optimal values will lead to steer the main beam of first positive and negative harmonic radiation from the main beam of the fundamental radiation pattern and reduce SLL and SBL simultaneously. Second cost function deals with the optimization of excitation amplitude and distance between any two consecutive antennas of the array. These optimal values lead to reducing the SLL and SBL simultaneously harmonically steered beam obtained by pre‐defined Ton and Toff switching sequence. Optimization algorithm applied to get the optimal value of the variable parameters is Novel Particle Swarm Optimization. Further to explain the stated proposed approach, four different sets of 10‐, 16‐, 20‐, 32‐element TMLAA are taken as an example. Some of the simulation results are validated through electromagnetic simulator to validate the result obtained by MATLAB.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐beam steered harmonic pattern synthesis in timed antenna array with optimized and pre‐defined RF switching

Ram

2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One problem with the TMA concept has been the removal of the boresight beam, which cannot be steered. This was addressed in [6] by use of a time averaging strategy with a three-state amplifier, rather than the traditional TMA on / off RF switching function. From [6] it is apparent that the TMA switch performance is critical to the performance of the TMA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was addressed in [6] by use of a time averaging strategy with a three-state amplifier, rather than the traditional TMA on / off RF switching function. From [6] it is apparent that the TMA switch performance is critical to the performance of the TMA. The switching circuit cell identified in [6] is required to change the gain states quickly over a 10 dB range and must also quickly switch between 0 and 180 degrees of phase, depending on the required beam steering angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and Measurement of a GaAs MMIC for use in a 73 GHz Time Modulated Array

Ball,

Joseph

2023

2023 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications (CAMA)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A GaAs MMIC using 0.1 µm pHEMTS is designed to realize a gain & phase switching module for use in a Time-Modulated Array (TMA) for transmit or receive at 73 GHz. As part of the MMIC design, a novel technique to implement phase inversion switching is introduced-maintaining good input and output RF match regardless of phase switch state. Lab measured results for 16 dies are presented. At 73 GHz the tested MMICs have an average gain within 1.1 dB of simulation and phase inversion switching within 3 degrees of a 180 degree requirement.

show abstract

“…[11][12][13][14] Different switching schemes have been developed to suppress the sidelobes and sidebands (i.e., harmonic components) with pulse shifting, 12 array thinning, 13 and subsectioned pulse. 14 The unified time and frequency domain study, 15 along with other effective mathematical modeling-based studies, 16,17 have shown improvements to control the harmonic levels of TMAAs. Simultaneous suppression of sidelobe and sideband levels (SBLs) has also been achieved with the joint optimization of excitations and switching sequences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time‐modulated multibeam steered antenna array synthesis with optimally designed switching sequence

Chakraborty

Ram

Mandal

2021

Int J Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Steering the radiation pattern of an antenna array towards the desired spatial angle is beneficial for modern‐age communication systems. The generation of multiple steered patterns by enhancing the first‐order harmonics of a time‐modulated antenna array (TMAA) with controlled radiation features is proposed in this paper. Suitable switching sequences are designed to realize an efficient electronic beam steering with these simultaneously generated narrow directional beam patterns. TMAAs are considered the time‐domain counterparts of phased arrays where high‐speed switches are used to achieve a weighted response by periodically modulating the array elements instead of attenuators or phase shifters. This periodic modulation inherently produces spurious harmonic patterns generally considered as power loss in unintended directions. The beam steering aimed in this paper is accomplished by exploiting the first‐order harmonic patterns in some specific directions keeping the fundamental pattern unaltered. The intended first positive and first negative harmonic components of the TMAA are utilized as steered multibeam patterns, whereas all the remaining harmonic components are suppressed to improve the efficiency of the array. To achieve this, suitable switching sequences are designed by optimizing the ON‐time duration and switching intervals of the elements with a wavelet mutation‐based particle swarm optimization (PSOWM). 16‐element linear TMAA is used to generate the desired patterns with low sidelobe levels (SLLs) for enhanced performance. Numerical results obtained for spatially independent steered patterns are presented and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art literature results.

show abstract

A Technique to Control the Harmonic Levels in Time-Modulated Antenna Arrays—Theoretical Concept and Hardware Verification Platform

Abstract: This is a repository copy of A technique to control the harmonic levels in time modulated antenna arrays-theoretical concept and hardware verification platform.

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Multi‐beam steered harmonic pattern synthesis in timed antenna array with optimized and pre‐defined RF switching

Multi‐beam steered harmonic pattern synthesis in timed antenna array with optimized and pre‐defined RF switching

Design and Measurement of a GaAs MMIC for use in a 73 GHz Time Modulated Array

Time‐modulated multibeam steered antenna array synthesis with optimally designed switching sequence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About