A technoeconomic and environmental life cycle comparison of green diesel to biodiesel and syndiesel

Kalnes, Tom N.; Koers, Ken P.; Marker, Terry; Shonnard, David R.

doi:10.1002/ep.10319

Cited by 123 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Transesterified lipid processing may thus have slightly higher mass yields than HVO, depending on which transesterification method that is used [18].…”

Section: Ranking Of Transesterified Lipids Vs Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kalnes et al [18,27], HVO show lower fossil energy consumption and lower GHG emissions over the life cycle compared to transesterified lipids. In Huo et al [20], the ranking between transesterified lipids and HVO was so dependent on allocation method and technology choices that no clear winner appeared in the impact categories GWP (global warming potential), total energy and fossil energy use.…”

Section: Ranking Of Transesterified Lipids Vs Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BTL from woody waste performs better than both HVO and transesterified lipids from native feedstock sources in a GHG perspective (per MJ fuel produced) [18,63]. In a mass perspective though, producing a ton of HVO consumes much less biorenewable feedstock compared to woody BTL, with over twice the GHG savings as BTL syndiesel when calculated per ton of biorenewable feedstock [18,55], under the assumption that 1.2 ton of vegetable oil and/or tallow is needed for the production of 1 ton of HVO and that 2.5 ton (dry mass) of forest biomass is needed for the production of 1 ton of BTL.…”

Section: Ranking Of Btl Vs Transesterified Lipids And/or Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a mass perspective though, producing a ton of HVO consumes much less biorenewable feedstock compared to woody BTL, with over twice the GHG savings as BTL syndiesel when calculated per ton of biorenewable feedstock [18,55], under the assumption that 1.2 ton of vegetable oil and/or tallow is needed for the production of 1 ton of HVO and that 2.5 ton (dry mass) of forest biomass is needed for the production of 1 ton of BTL. On the other hand, GHG savings per hectare are twice as high for BTL than for transesterified rapeseed oil [66].…”

Section: Ranking Of Btl Vs Transesterified Lipids And/or Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The costs of the hydroprocessing are in some studies stipulated to be about 50% of the (trans)esterification processing costs [64,136], but in Kalnes et al [18,62] they state that investment and operating costs for HVO and transesterified lipids are in the same order, and overall economics will depend on feedstock costs and byproduct revenues. While costs of transesterified lipids can be reduced due to the by-product glycerol, propane is not as versatile, and may not lower the costs of HVO to the same extent.…”

Section: Costs Of Producing Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Impacts and Costs of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, Transesterified Lipids and Woody BTL—A Review

2011

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This article reviews and compares assessments of three biodiesel fuels: (1) transesterified lipids, (2) hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO), and (3) woody biomass-to-liquid (BTL) Fischer-Tropsch diesel and selected feedstock options. The article attempts to rank the environmental performance and costs of fuel and feedstock combinations. Due to inter-study differences in goal and study assumptions, the ranking was mostly qualitative and intra-study results are emphasized. Results indicate that HVO made from wastes or by-products such as tall oil, tallow or used cooking oil outperforms transesterified lipids and BTL from woody material, both with respect to environmental life cycle impacts and costs. These feedstock options are, however, of limited availability, and to produce larger volumes of biofuels other raw materials must also be used. BTL from woody biomass seems promising with good environmental performance and the ability not to compete with food production. Production of biofuels from agricultural feedstock sources requires much energy and leads to considerable emissions due to agrochemical inputs. Thus, such biodiesel fuels are ranked lowest in this comparison. Production of feedstock is the most important life cycle stage. Avoiding detrimental land use changes and maintaining good agricultural or forestry management practices are the main challenges to ensure that biofuels can be a sustainable option for the future transport sector.

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“…Transesterified lipid processing may thus have slightly higher mass yields than HVO, depending on which transesterification method that is used [18].…”

Section: Ranking Of Transesterified Lipids Vs Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ranking Of Transesterified Lipids Vs Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ranking Of Btl Vs Transesterified Lipids And/or Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ranking Of Btl Vs Transesterified Lipids And/or Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Costs Of Producing Hvomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Impacts and Costs of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, Transesterified Lipids and Woody BTL—A Review

2011

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Review of life‐cycle greenhouse‐gas emissions assessments of hydroprocessed renewable fuel (HEFA) from oilseeds

Zemanek

Champagne

Mabee

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Renewable fuel from the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) pathway represents a promising short‐term option for reducing fossil fuel use in transportation. However, some life‐cycle assessments (LCAs) have shown that HEFA diesel and jet fuel may have higher life‐cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than the fossil fuels they replace. Many of these studies examined HEFA fuel derived from oilseed feedstocks. Here, results and methodology from 20 LCAs of HEFA fuel from oilseeds are reviewed in an effort to determine the sources of variability in the reported life‐cycle GHG emissions of HEFA fuels. Although there was a 61–63% reduction in median life cycle GHG emissions of HEFA biojet and renewable diesel compared to conventional petroleum fuels, this review highlights the importance of standardized methodologies for life‐cycle assessment (e.g., CORSIA, RSB) and indicates the need to prevent the conversion of forest land for biofuel production, as well as the potential opportunity for alternative oilseeds such as camelina and carinata as feedstocks to produce HEFA fuels with lower life‐cycle GHG emissions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Effects of soybean varieties on life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel and renewable diesel

Hui

Northrup³

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study presents a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of biodiesel (BD) and renewable diesel (RD) produced from soybean varieties with altered oil profiles and meal composition. The varieties evaluated include those with high oleic oil content (78% of oil being oleic oil vs. the current content of 25%), high lipid content (25% vs. the current content of 19%) or high protein content (45% vs. the current content of 35%). The results suggest that high-oleic soybean oil could reduce GHG emissions of RD by 1 g CO 2 e/MJ by reducing hydrogen consumption in the hydrotreating stage of RD production. With the default allocation method (mass-based allocation between oil and meal), changes in lipid and protein contents have negligible impacts on GHG emissions of BD/ RD pathways. Since high-protein soybean meal has a higher nutrient value, we employed the marketbased allocation for sensitivity analysis. Assuming a market price of $1.17/dry kg and an average of two substitute feeds with similar protein contents (corn gluten and fish meal), the allocation factor for soybean meal increases from 63 to 81%. Compared with the results for the case with commodity soybean using mass allocation, GHG emissions could be 1.9 and 1.8 g CO 2 e/MJ lower for BD and RD, respectively. In addition to product-level LCA, we employed a land-based LCA to evaluate the effect of soybean properties on product slates with the same land area and the associated displacement of conventional products. The results suggest that high-lipid soybeans may offer more GHG savings than other varieties as the higher BD/RD yield replaces more fossil diesel.

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A technoeconomic and environmental life cycle comparison of green diesel to biodiesel and syndiesel

Cited by 123 publications

References 6 publications

Environmental Impacts and Costs of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, Transesterified Lipids and Woody BTL—A Review

Environmental Impacts and Costs of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, Transesterified Lipids and Woody BTL—A Review

Review of life‐cycle greenhouse‐gas emissions assessments of hydroprocessed renewable fuel (HEFA) from oilseeds

Effects of soybean varieties on life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel and renewable diesel

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