“…Online education in a more general sense, but also in relation to flipped learning (e.g., Ekmekçi, 2017; Girgin & Cabaroğlu, 2021; Gürlüyer & Elkılıç, 2020), multimedia learning (e.g., Cananoğlu & Akpınar, 2022; Onat, 2018; Yeşildağ & Sadık, 2021), Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) (Yaşar, 2020), telecollaboration (Akayoğlu et al, 2022; Sarıcaoğlu, 2021), and digital game based learning (e.g., Alyaz & Genç, 2016; Musaoğlu-Aydın & Akkuş-Çakır, 2022) have been within the research interests of Turkey-based scholars in recent years. Ekmekçi (2017) and Alyaz and Genç (2016), for instance, both found positive learning outcomes and positive learner attitudes when it comes to flipped learning and digital game-based language learning pedagogy, respectively.…”