A Temperature-Sensitive Chlorophyll <i>b</i>-Deficient Mutant of Sweetclover (<i>Melilotus alba</i>)

Markwell, John; Danko, Stephen J.; Bauwe, Hermann; Osterman, John C.; Gorz, H. J.; Haskins, Francis A.

doi:10.1104/pp.81.2.329

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Very low or high temperatures in the growth environment may be detrimental to various metabolic processes, including Chl formation (Markwell et al, 1986). Lisar et al (2012) found that water stress inhibits chlorophyll synthesis, while carotenoids are less sensitive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Investigation of Leaf Photosynthetic Pigments during Annual Biological Cycle of Vitis vinifera L. Table Grape Cultivars

Filimon¹,

Rotaru²,

Filimon

2016

SAJEV

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Variations in chlorophyll a/b and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios are indicators of senescence, stress or damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and affect the normal course of plant biological processes. The aim of this work was to investigate the chlorophyll (a and b) and carotenoid content and ratios in the leaves of four Vitis vinifera L. table grape cultivars in the main phenophases of the annual biological cycle. During the annual cycle, the moisture content of the leaves decreased significantly (up to 21%), along with a reduction in leaf area and perimeter. Chlorophyll a and b showed a continuous accumulation until grape véraison, with lower values of the Chl a/b ratio at the beginning of the vegetative period. Carotenoids continued their biosynthesis until grape ripening (for another 30 days), at which stage there was a significant decrease in the chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (2.62 ± 0.31). At véraison, peroxidase had the most intense activity (0.20 to 0.51 U/mg), possibly because of involvement in chlorophyll degradation, while total phenolic content started to decrease. Grape véraison could be regarded as the starting point of foliage senescence. Moreover, the relationship between total chlorophyll (by extraction) and chlorophyll content index (non-destructive method) was very significant (R 2 = 0.92). These results contribute to a better understanding of foliar pigment dynamics and the timing of their decline in order to define the behaviour of table grape cultivars during the annual biological cycle. INTRODUCTIONThe annual life cycle of grapevines is a process that takes place in the vineyard each year, beginning with bud burst in the spring and culminating with leaf fall in autumn, followed by winter dormancy (Creasy & Creasy, 2009). The annual life cycle comprises all morphological and biological changes with a periodic character through which the grapevine passes in a calendar year. These changes are called phenological stages (phenophases) and have a specific starting and ending time and a hereditary character (Wang et al., 2014). The occurrence and duration of phenological phases is influenced by climatic factors, and it should be noted that, under the same climatic conditions, the annual life cycle varies by cultivar (Jones & Davis, 2000). In the temperate continental climate, the annual cycle of grapevines lasts about 160 to 220 days.Chlorophylls (Chl) are probably the most important organic compounds on earth, as they are required for photosynthesis (Davies, 2004;Willows, 2004). Photosynthesis in plants is dependent upon capturing light energy in the pigment chlorophyll, and in particular chlorophyll a (Blankenship, 2014). Photosynthetic activity is a very intense process (5 to 11 μmol CO 2 /m 2 /s) that provides all the organic material needed for the growth and life activity of the plant (Popescu & Popescu, 2014). This is why photosynthesising cells have to contain large amounts of assimilatory pigments (up to 5% of total dry solids; Rabinowitch & Govindjee, 1969). In most species, the photos...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Investigation of Leaf Photosynthetic Pigments during Annual Biological Cycle of Vitis vinifera L. Table Grape Cultivars

Filimon¹,

Rotaru²,

Filimon

2016

SAJEV

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“…Earlier studies also revealed higher content of calcium and magnesium in the leaves at 25°C (Park and Oh 2000;Choi et al 2009). Very low or high temperatures in the growth environment may be detrimental to various metabolic processes in plant tissues, such as nutrient uptake, fluctuation in the anion exclusion volume and exchangeable Ca 2+ , chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis (Taylor and Rowley 1971;Rhee and Gotham 1981;Markwell et al 1986;Polubesova et al 1994). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment around the fruit set region on growth and yield of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai]

Noh

Kim

Sheikh

et al. 2013

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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The present experiment was aimed to study the effect of imposing modulated temperature treatments 14°C and 18°C, around the fruiting region of watermelon plants, and to estimate the economic feasibility of the temperature treatments based on energy consumption for heating. Watermelon cultivar 'Sambok-gul' was selected and sown on perlite beds in a plastic house under controlled conditions at Watermelon Farm, Jeongeup-Jeonbuk, longitude 35°31′ 47.51N, 126°48′48.84E, altitude 37 m during the early spring season (2010)(2011). The findings revealed that the temperature treatment at 18°C caused significant increase in weight (2.0 kg plant −1 ), fruit weight (8.3 kg plant −1 ), soluble solid content (11.5 %), and fruit set rate (96.5 %) at harvest stage. Higher contents of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions were observed in the 1st upper leaf of the fruit set node (79.3 mgL −1 ) and the 1st lower leaf of the fruit set node (12.0 mgL −1 ), respectively at 14°C. The power consumption and extra costs of the temperature treatment 18°C were suggested as affordable and in range of a farmer's budget (41.14 USD/22 days). Hence, it was concluded that modulating temperature treatments could be utilized successfully to optimize the temperature range for enhancing the fruit yield and quality in the winter watermelon crops.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few ofthese mutants have been characterized with regard to their specific biochemical defect. Although most such mutants have been grown under only one set of environmental conditions, a number of these mutants exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental variables such as temperature (4,8,9,12,16), photoperiod (1, 5, 9), and PPFD (7, 1 1).For the past few years, a portion of our work has focused on individuals from a collection of sweetclover (Melilotus alba) mutants (3,15,19) (18), was planted on a commercial soil-vermiculite mixture, incubated in a growth chamber at 26°C, 60% RH, 16 h photoperiod, and a PPFD of 250 to 400 ,umol m-2 s-', and supplemented weekly with a mineral salts solution (10). As the plants grew, individuals that subjectively appeared to have leaves of a lower Chl content than the normal A. thaliana Columbia ecotype were removed from the flats and grown in separate pots until seeds could be collected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Temperature-Sensitive Phenotypic Plasticity in Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Markwell¹,

Osterman²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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A collection of 75 putative mutants with alterations in leaf pigmentation was visually selected from Arabidopsis thaliana plants (M2 generation) grown at 260C from seeds treated with the mutagen ethylmethanesulfonate. Fifty-eight of the plants were found to have chlorophyll contents decreased by at least 10% from the parental Columbia ecotype. These plants were screened for chlorophyll content and the ratio of chlorophyll b/a after growth at 20 or 260C. Relative to the parental type, a significant number of individuals in which the chlorophyll-deficient phenotype was exacerbated at one of the growth temperatures were identified. We conclude that temperature-sensitive phenotypic plasticity for chlorophyll content is relatively common in mutant populations of higher plants. MATERIALS AND METHODSTo elucidate the interrelationship of chloroplast thylakoid membrane structure, composition, and function, many studies have been conducted on Chl-deficient mutants of higher plants (13,17). As in other areas of biochemistry, mutants can provide valuable systems for examining the functioning of a normal organism. Such Chl-deficient mutants have been described in barley (6), maize (7, 1 1) and sweetclover (3,15,19), among other species. However, few ofthese mutants have been characterized with regard to their specific biochemical defect. Although most such mutants have been grown under only one set of environmental conditions, a number of these mutants exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental variables such as temperature (4,8,9,12,16), photoperiod (1, 5, 9), and PPFD (7, 1 1).For the past few years, a portion of our work has focused on individuals from a collection of sweetclover (Melilotus alba) mutants (3,15,19) (18), was planted on a commercial soil-vermiculite mixture, incubated in a growth chamber at 26°C, 60% RH, 16 h photoperiod, and a PPFD of 250 to 400 ,umol m-2 s-', and supplemented weekly with a mineral salts solution (10). As the plants grew, individuals that subjectively appeared to have leaves of a lower Chl content than the normal A. thaliana Columbia ecotype were removed from the flats and grown in separate pots until seeds could be collected.Seeds from these putative Chl-deficient mutants were planted and grown in chambers under the above conditions except that a duplicate set was grown at 20°C. Leaves from plants grown at both temperatures were excised, usually when plants reached the five-leafstage, and analyzed for Chl content (14). Chl contents are the result of three to five determinations. The data appeared to be independent of the particular leaf chosen from a plant for analysis. None of the putative mutants reported herein appear to be of the slow-greening or virescent phenotype. The putative mutants were also grown in polycarbonate boxes on a mineral salt medium (10) containing 1% (w/v) sucrose and 0.82% (w/v) agar at both 20 and 26°C to identify any mutant lines that segregated into both normal and pigment-altered individuals. To

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A Temperature-Sensitive Chlorophyll b-Deficient Mutant of Sweetclover (Melilotus alba)

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Quantitative Investigation of Leaf Photosynthetic Pigments during Annual Biological Cycle of Vitis vinifera L. Table Grape Cultivars

Quantitative Investigation of Leaf Photosynthetic Pigments during Annual Biological Cycle of Vitis vinifera L. Table Grape Cultivars

Effect of heat treatment around the fruit set region on growth and yield of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai]

Occurrence of Temperature-Sensitive Phenotypic Plasticity in Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

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