A ten-stage electrostatic depressed collector for improving klystron efficiency

Neugebauer, W; Mihran, T.G.

doi:10.1109/t-ed.1972.17379

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(Ganguly & Ahn, 1989;Nusinovich & Dumbrajs, 1996;Sprangle & Smith, 1980;Walter et al, 1996) Another option for enhancing the efficiency is to recover energy from the spent beam using single or multi-stage depressed collectors. It has been shown that this is an effective way to improve the overall efficiency of microwave tubes, such as conventional klystrons, BWOs and TWTs (Neugebauer & Mihran, 1972;Wilson et al, 2007). Depressed collectors are passive converters that can transfer the kinetic energy of the spent electrons into potential electric energy.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Depressed Collector 41 Principle Of The Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of a Gyro-BWO with a Helically Corrugated Interaction Region, Cusp Electron Gun and Depressed Collector

He¹,

Craig²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Numerical Simulations of Physical and Engineering Processes

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Section: Simulation Of the Depressed Collector 41 Principle Of The Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of a Gyro-BWO with a Helically Corrugated Interaction Region, Cusp Electron Gun and Depressed Collector

He¹,

Craig²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Numerical Simulations of Physical and Engineering Processes

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“…This enhances the overall (total) device efficiency to values between 20 and 40%, and reduces the voltage on the main power supply to approximately 100-200 kV. The use of multistage depressed collectors for spent-beam energy recovery in low-voltage TWT's is a well-known technique, dating back to the early 1950's [45]. As described in the review article by Kosmahl [46], streaming beams with small axial energy spreads are ideally suited to highly efficient energy recovery.…”

Section: Spent-beam Energy Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in the review article by Kosmahl [46], streaming beams with small axial energy spreads are ideally suited to highly efficient energy recovery. In fact, both theory and experiments have long since established that for lowvoltage streaming beams with exit axial energy spreads < 5 % , energy recovery efficiencies in excess of 95% are achievable [45], [46]. [47].…”

Section: Spent-beam Energy Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of high-average-power near-millimeter free electron laser oscillators using short period wigglers and sheet electron beams

Booske

Radack

Antonsen

et al. 1990

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Abstract-The design and feasibility of a I-MW continuous wave (CW) free electron laser (FEL) oscillator are reviewed. The proposed configuration will include a short-period (1" -I c m ) planar wiggler. a sheet electron beam, a 0.5-1.0 MV thermionic electron gun, a hybrid waveguide/quasi-optical resonator, commercial de power supplies, and a depressed collector. Cavity ohmic R F losses are estimated to be extremely low ( 5 10-100 W / c m * ) at I-MW output power, while thermal heat transfer studies conservatively indicate that wall cooling up to 1500 W /cm' should be possible. Experiments have convincingly verified theory and simulations which predict that negligible body currents will be achievable with low-emittance low-space-charge sheet beams. Highvoltage sheet beam gun design studies indicate that the required beam quality can be achieved with CW compatible devices. The spent beam energy distribution is consistent with highly efficient spent beam energy recovery, and the proposed resonator cavity should provide mode discrimination and beam/RF separation capability. Finally, recent advances in superconducting wiggler designs suggest that even more compelling improvements in FEL design are possible. Specifically, the substantially increased dc wiggler fields can yield better beam confinement. ter.

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“…Depressed collectors have been successfully implemented for decades in electron devices [1][2][3]. Benefits include improved efficiency, reduced heat loading, and lower parasitic radiation emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%