A non-noble
metal cocatalyst with capacitance is cost-effective
and has excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution performance
for water splitting. But the intrinsic action of capacitance is unclear.
Here, by controlling the capacitance of Mo2C, we reported
a volcanic curve relationship between the photocatalytic activity
of Mo2C/CdS and the capacitance of Mo2C. At
the middle capacitance of 18.95 F/g of Mo2C-a4, Mo2C-a4/CdS exhibits the best H2 evolution activity
of 5560 μmol/g/h. When Pt is introduced on the surface of Mo2C, the photocatalytic activity of (Pt/Mo2C-a4)/CdS
is further enhanced to 8090 μmol/g/h. Comparing the activities
between (Pt/Mo2C)/CdS and Mo2C/CdS with the
capacitance of Mo2C, the activity ratio and difference
values increase and finally reach a plateau with the increasing capacitance.
Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical studies demonstrate that
the capacitance of Mo2C has dual opposite effects (positive
and negative) in photocatalytic reactions. The capacitance can capture
electrons and store them, thereby enhancing the separation efficiency
of photoexcited carriers of CdS. However, overlarge capacitance constrains
the stored electrons and prevents them from releasing, thus decreasing
the cocatalytic efficiency, which can be resolved in some degree by
introducing some Pt on Mo2C. This work elucidates the dual
effects of capacitance and puts forward the concept of capacitance
catalysis.