A Ternary Solution for Independent Acoustic Impedance and Speed of Sound Matching to Biological Tissues

Abstract

In applications requiring a liquid which is acoustically well matched to biological tissues, it is often difficult to find a material which is matched well in terms of both the acoustic impedance and speed of sound propagation in it; changing one parameter invariably affects the other. A three component liquid system is described, which allows independent adjustment of these two acoustic parameters over a wide range. This range encompasses the soft tissues of the body. Results of parameter measurements are presented in the form which allows simple determination of the mixture required to match any combination of acoustic impedance and speed of sound propagation over a given range.

A Cost-Effective Reusable Tissue Mimicking Phantom for High Intensity Focused Ultrasonic Liver Surgery

“…The speed of sound was measured to be 1595 ± 5 m/s and the density was 1060 kg/m 3 , resulting in an acoustic impedance of 1.68 ± 0.03 Mrayls ( Table 2 and Table 3 ). The measured speed of sound and acoustic impedance is close to those of human liver tissue, which are 1585 ± 10 m/s and 1.68 Mrayls, respectively [ 20 , 21 ].…”

“…The density varied from 1049 ± 11 to 1067 ± 13 kg/m 3 for the same concentration changes, and thus the acoustic impedance changed from 1.60 ± 0.02 to 1.70 ± 0.03 Mrayls. The speed of sound and acoustic impedance was found to be close to those of liver tissue (1575 ± 10 m/s, 1.68 Mrayls) at the 40 %( w / v ) of polysaccharide [ 20 , 21 ].…”

“…The measured shear modulus was 4.29 (±0.39) kPa, comparable to 3.5 ± 0.55 kPa reported by Kruse et al (2000) [ 27 ]. Table 2 and Table 3 summarize the measured acoustic and mechanical parameters, in contrast to those of BSA-PASG, and liver tissue [ 13 , 20 , 22 , 25 ].…”

A Dynamic Ultrasound Phantom with Tissue‐Mimicking Mechanical and Acoustic Properties

“…We additionally procured literature values for the densities of each solid tissue of interest to determine what their respective Muscle 70-430 [ 23] 1547-1616 [ 24,25] 0.23-1.09 [ 24,25] 1.04-1.18 [ 26] 1.65-1.74 [ 27] Soft tissue -1540 [28][29][30] 0.5-0.75 [ 31] 1.06 [ 26] 1.63 [ 32] Adipose 3-24 [ 33,34] 1450-1478 [ 24,35,36] 0.29-0.48 [ 24,35] 0.81-0.96 [ 26,35] 1.35-1.65 [ 27,37] Skin 1000-2000 [ 38,39] 1537-1720 [ 36] 0.44-1.84 [ 40,41] 1.10-1.13 [ 26] 1.53-1.68 [ 42] acoustic impedances should be, calculated by multiplying their density and speed of sound values together. Accurately reproducing the acoustic impedance of each tissue is important because this parameter determines the amplitude and phase angle of reflections produced at the boundaries between tissues, as well as the brightness of speckle.…”