A Test-bed for Studies of Temporal Data Delivery Issues in a TPCAST Wireless Virtual Reality Set-up

Kelkkanen, Viktor; Fiedler, Markus

doi:10.1109/atnac.2018.8615297

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It was expected that the Wireless condition would not influence Cybersickness scores in H2. This was due to a previous study [31] where it was concluded that the TPCAST was able to provide the visual stimuli without freezes and also due to preliminary tests the research team did, where no lag between the user input and the corresponding output of the stimuli to the HMD was noticed. The results showed no significant differences between conditions which suggest that wireless solutions could be used without any additional Cybersickness interference.…”

Section: B Cybersickness Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Due to technological limitations, some lag or inconsistencies could happen while transmitting a video signal at high framerates (near 90 frames per second) and high resolution (1080×1200 pixels per eye). A study was conducted in this regard, using the same equipment used in this study (TPCAST) [31]. Authors stated that freezes in video playback were uncommon and they did not notice freezes during regular usage.…”

Section: F Advantages and Disadvantages Of Vr Wireless Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study Between Wired and Wireless Virtual Reality Setups

et al. 2020

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Virtual Reality (VR) through head-mounted displays (HMDs) can be delivered via multiple setups such as smartphones, standalone VR or VR Workstations. The VR Workstation setup delivers the best performance of them all; however, as a drawback up until recently, it required cables to power up the VR equipment. The introduction of wireless solutions for VR Workstations came to solve one of the disadvantages of this setup. However, the impact of the wireless solution versus the HMD cables was not yet properly investigated. In this paper, we study the impact of using a wired vs wireless HMD on Presence, Cybersickness, and Game Experience. We conducted a quasi-experimental between-subjects study with 68 participants assigned to the following three groups that were balanced regarding gender and sample size: Cable (participants used a wired HMD), Cable + Help (a researcher assisted the participants with the HMD cable during the experience to reduce the participants' awareness of it), and Wireless (untethered HMD). Results showed no significant differences in presence and cybersickness. The game experience was significantly different, with Cable + Help performing better than Cable and Wireless. We conclude that sense of presence using wireless solutions is equated to wired HMD solutions.

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Section: B Cybersickness Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: F Advantages and Disadvantages Of Vr Wireless Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study Between Wired and Wireless Virtual Reality Setups

et al. 2020

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“…This section describes the experimental setup used for the performance assessment including room topology, components of the TPCAST wireless VR testbed, and the fullswivel chair rotational movement procedure. More details about the TPCAST can be found in [2,23], specifications of the associated WirelessHD are given in [7], other options and applications supported by our TPCAST wireless VR testbed are provided in [19,20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [19], a TPCAST wireless VR testbed is presented that allows for studying temporal data delivery issues of video frames. In particular, the TPCAST wireless adapter and the underlying WirelessHD standard is used with the HTC Vive HMD.…”

Section: Experimental Studies and Wireless Vr Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Freeze Assessment of TPCAST Wireless Virtual Reality: An Experimental Study

et al. 2022

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Wireless virtual reality (VR) offers a seamless user experience but has to cope with higher sensitivity to temporal impairments induced on the wireless link. Apart from bandwidth dynamics and latency, video freezes and their lengths are important temporal performance indicators that impact on the quality of experience (QoE) of networked VR applications and services. This paper reports an experimental study that focuses on the VR video frame freeze length characteristics of a wireless VR solution. A comprehensive measurement campaign using a commercial TPCAST wireless VR solution with an HTC Vive head-mounted display was conducted to obtain real VR video traces. The number of detected freezes and freeze intensities are reported both accumulated over four room quadrants as well as for each of the four quadrants subject to six transmitter-receiver distances. The statistical analysis of the VR video traces of the different experiments includes histograms of the freeze lengths and cumulative complementary histograms of the freeze length. The results of this analysis offer insights into the density of the underlying distributions of the measured data, illustrate the impact of the room topology on the freeze characteristics, and suggest the statistical modeling of the freeze characteristics as exponential and geometric distributions. The statistical models of the freeze characteristics may be included in wireless VR simulators supporting the development of physical layer, medium access layer, and higher layer functionalities. They also may serve as network-disturbance models for VR QoE studies, e.g., generating realistic freeze events in wireless VR stimuli.

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“…table further shows the average framerate, bitrate, and total time consumption per frame. Note that the true fra-merate of the HTC Vive is not exactly 90 fps but 89.53 fps[84]. Thus, the framerate of test A, 89.52 fps, is close to optimal but suffered nine frame stalls which resulted in a lower average framerate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Synchronous Remote Rendering for VR

Kelkkanen

Fiedler

Lindero

2021

International Journal of Computer Games Technology

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Remote rendering for VR is a technology that enables high-quality VR on low-powered devices. This is realized by offloading heavy computation and rendering to high-powered servers that stream VR as video to the clients. This article focuses on one specific issue in remote rendering when imperfect frame timing between client and server may cause recurring frame drops. We propose a system design that executes synchronously and eliminates the aforementioned problem. The design is presented, and an implementation is tested using various networks and hardware. The design cannot drop frames due to synchronization issues but may on the other hand stall if temporal disturbances occur, e.g., due to network delay spikes or loss. However, experiments confirm that such events can remain rare given an appropriate environment. For example, remote rendering on an intranet at 90 fps with a server located approximately 50 km away yielded just 0.002% stalled frames while rendering with extra latency corresponding to the duration of exactly one frame (11.1 ms at 90 fps). In a LAN without extra latency setting, i.e., with latency equal to locally rendered VR, 0.009% stalls were observed while using a wired Ethernet connection and 0.058% stalls when using 5 GHz wireless IEEE 802.11 ac.

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A Test-bed for Studies of Temporal Data Delivery Issues in a TPCAST Wireless Virtual Reality Set-up

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

A Comparative Study Between Wired and Wireless Virtual Reality Setups

A Comparative Study Between Wired and Wireless Virtual Reality Setups

Video Freeze Assessment of TPCAST Wireless Virtual Reality: An Experimental Study

Synchronous Remote Rendering for VR

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