A test bench for the classification of boom sprayers according to drift risk

Balsari, P.; Marucco, Paolo; Tamagnone, M.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.012

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The actuator of the pneumatic system for opening the collectors was activated by the sprayer pass and it was placed at a relative distance from the test bench line, so that 4 s after the sprayer passed the perpendicular line of the bench the collectors were revealed. The time of 4 s for uncovering the test bench was defined based on preliminary experiences with the test bench for boom sprayers (Balsari et al, 2007; and air-assisted sprayers (Balsari et al, 2012. All tests have to be conducted in condition of calm of wind (average wind speed < 0.5 m/s).…”

Section: Technical Characteristics Of Spray Drift Test Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, classifying spray techniques is challenging because these vary greatly due to the influence of environmental conditions and crop growth and leaf canopy status of different bush and tree crop types (Ozkan & Zhu, 1998;Zande et al, 2000Zande et al, , 2010Balsari et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have proposed easy, repeatable, and precise methods as alternatives for spray drift measurement (Southcombe et al, 1997;Zande et al, 2002;Balsari et al, 2007;Nuyttens et al, 2009) based on spray drift potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Drift is one of the most important issues to consider for realising sustainable pesticide sprays. This study proposes and tests an alternative methodology for quantifying the drift potential (DP) of air blast sprayers, trying to avoid the difficulties faced in conducting field trials according to the standard protocol (ISO 22866:2005). For this purpose, an ad hoc test bench designed for DP comparative measurements was used. The proposed methodology was evaluated in terms of robustness, repetitiveness and coherence by arranging a series of trials at two laboratories. Representative orchard and vineyard air blast sprayers in eight configurations (combination of two forward speeds, two air fan flow rates, and two nozzle types) were tested. The test bench was placed perpendicular to the spray track to collect the fraction of spray liquid remaining in the air after the spray process and potentially susceptible to drift out of the treated area. Downwind spray deposition curves were obtained and a new approach was proposed to calculate an index value of the DP estimation that could allow the differences among the tested configurations to be described. Results indicated that forward speed of 1.67 m/s allows better discrimination among configurations tested. Highest DP reduction, over 87.5%, was achieved using the TVI nozzles in combination with low air fan flow rate in both laboratories; conversely, the highest DP value was obtained with the ATR nozzles in combination with high air fan flow rate. Although the proposed method shows a promising potential to evaluate drift potential of different sprayer types and nozzles types used for bush and tree crops further research and tests are necessary to improve and validate this method.Additional key words: spray drift test bench; sprayer settings; nozzles; fan air flow rate; vineyard and orchard sprayers.

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Section: Technical Characteristics Of Spray Drift Test Benchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…In each array the first sampler was positioned at 2 m distance from the centre of the sprayer, the following samplers were positioned every one meter until 20 m distance from the centre of the sprayer ( Figure 1A). The first array of Petri dishes was left always uncovered while the other three arrays were placed in ad hoc test benches designed at DiSAFA -University of Torino (Balsari et al, 2007). These test benches are provided with a sliding cover that is automatically activated by the tractor pass through a pneumatic system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a test methodology to assess potential drift generated by air-assisted sprayers

Balsari¹,

Marucco²,

Bozzer³

et al. 2013

J Agricult Engineer

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During pesticide application spray drift may cause diffuse pollution phenomena in the environment. In the last years the European Union, through the Directive on the sustainable use of pesticides (128/2009 EC), has recommended the adoption of measures enabling to prevent spray drift. Among these measures, the adoption of buffer zones beside the sprayed fields requires to consider different widths for these no spray zones according to the amount of spray drift generated by the spraying equipment used for application. It is therefore necessary to classify the different sprayer models according to drift risk. For what concerns the sprayers used on arboreal crops, in order to make this classification in a simple and quick way as it was already proposed for the field crop sprayers (ISO FDIS 22369-3), a study was started aimed at defining a methodology to assess potential drift produced by the different sprayer models in absence of wind, using ad hoc test benches. On the basis of the positive first experimental data obtained, a first proposal for a new ISO standard methodology was prepared.

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“…Among these, measurements carried out in wind tunnels [16,17] or by using test benches [18,19] can be cited. Moreover, a drift assessment of the nozzles can be obtained from the measurement of their droplet size [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Spray Drift with a Specifically Designed Lidar System

Gregorio

Torrent

Martí

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Field measurements of spray drift are usually carried out by passive collectors and tracers. However, these methods are labour- and time-intensive and only provide point- and time-integrated measurements. Unlike these methods, the light detection and ranging (lidar) technique allows real-time measurements, obtaining information with temporal and spatial resolution. Recently, the authors have developed the first eye-safe lidar system specifically designed for spray drift monitoring. This prototype is based on a 1534 nm erbium-doped glass laser and an 80 mm diameter telescope, has scanning capability, and is easily transportable. This paper presents the results of the first experimental campaign carried out with this instrument. High coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.85) were observed by comparing lidar measurements of the spray drift with those obtained by horizontal collectors. Furthermore, the lidar system allowed an assessment of the drift reduction potential (DRP) when comparing low-drift nozzles with standard ones, resulting in a DRP of 57% (preliminary result) for the tested nozzles. The lidar system was also used for monitoring the evolution of the spray flux over the canopy and to generate 2-D images of these plumes. The developed instrument is an advantageous alternative to passive collectors and opens the possibility of new methods for field measurement of spray drift.

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A test bench for the classification of boom sprayers according to drift risk

Cited by 54 publications

References 1 publication

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Study of a test methodology to assess potential drift generated by air-assisted sprayers

Measurement of Spray Drift with a Specifically Designed Lidar System

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