A test of conditioned blocking and its development in childhood and adolescence: Relationship to personality and monoamine metabolism

Oades, Robert D.; Roepcke, B.; Schepker, Renate

doi:10.1080/87565649609540647

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…One study by Oades et al, (1996) compared conditioned blocking (CB) across 4 age groups and found that CB was present throughout ages 10 to 22 years, but was weaker in younger children, up to 12 years of age. This lack of human studies does not reflect absence of interest (Casey et al, 2009; Pattwell et al, 2011; Soliman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Conditioning Across Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on adolescent motivated behavior: Attention and conditioning

Ernst

Daniele

Frantz

2011

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Adolescence is a critical transition period, during which fundamental changes prepare the adolescent for becoming an adult. Heuristic models of the neurobiology of adolescent behavior have emerged, promoting the central role of reward and motivation, coupled with cognitive immaturities. Here, we bring focus to two basic sets of processes, attention and conditioning, which are essential for adaptive behavior. Using the dual-attention model developed by Corbetta and Shulman (2002), which identifies a stimulus-driven and a goal-driven attention network, we propose a balance that favors stimulus-driven attention over goal-driven attention in youth. Regarding conditioning, we hypothesize that stronger associations tend to be made between environmental cues and appetitive stimuli, and weaker associations with aversive stimuli, in youth relative to adults. An attention system geared to prioritize stimulus-driven attention, together with more powerful associative learning with appetitive incentives, contribute to shape patterns of adolescent motivated behavior. This proposed bias in attention and conditioning function could facilitate the impulsive, novelty-seeking and risk-taking behavior that is typical of many adolescents.

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Section: Conditioning Across Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

New perspectives on adolescent motivated behavior: Attention and conditioning

Ernst

Daniele

Frantz

2011

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…This is one conclusion from developmental studies of trace conditioning [128], a form of associative learning that requires hippocampal function in animals. Both latent inhibition (LI) and conditioned blocking (CB) tests of learned inattention do not achieve mature levels in normal children until the second decade [48,71]. LI is a test of the ability to 'unlearn' that a stimulus has no consequence and acquire an appropriate response to a new contingency.…”

Section: Lateralization and Temporal Lobe Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal, temporal and lateralized brain function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a psychophysiological and neuropsychological viewpoint on development

Oades

1998

Behavioural Brain Research

125

107

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This article considers deficits in the selective aspects of perception underlying symptoms of impaired attention and impulsivity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity syndrome (ADHD) in terms of frontal and temporal lobe function and cerebral asymmetry. Tomographic studies suggest a disturbed fronto-striatal function, but have neglected limbic contributions under activating conditions and are equivocal on the nature of apparent lateralized differences. Neuropsychological and psychophysiological studies suggest that early and late stages of information processing are affected in both the frontal and temporal lobes and imply impaired intercortical dialog. Given the evidence for a normal specialization in global processing in the right and the processing of details in the left hemisphere, the lateralized impairment may progress from situational ADHD (impaired selective aspects of perception on the right) to pervasive ADHD (additional impairment in decision-making on the left). Accordingly some ADHD children may experience an early negative neurodevelopmental influence that only appears as the brain region matures while others show a delayed development of CNS function.

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Function and dysfunction of monoamine interactions in children and adolescents with AD/HD

Oades

Neurotransmitter Interactions and Cognitive Function

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A test of conditioned blocking and its development in childhood and adolescence: Relationship to personality and monoamine metabolism

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

New perspectives on adolescent motivated behavior: Attention and conditioning

New perspectives on adolescent motivated behavior: Attention and conditioning

Frontal, temporal and lateralized brain function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a psychophysiological and neuropsychological viewpoint on development

Function and dysfunction of monoamine interactions in children and adolescents with AD/HD

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