A Theoretical Analysis of the Plain-Knitted Structure

Shanahan, W. J.; Postle, R.

doi:10.1177/004051757004000712

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The contours show that the gradient of the energy levels is steeper when the energy is high. When the energy level is close to the minimum it flattens, meaning that, in agreement with Shanahan's [25] conclusion, the minimum energy state is unstable and difficult to achieve. Experimental observations will therefore mostly involve fabrics with potential energy above the minimum, where a range of loop shapes is possible, forming one of the contours shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Relaxation and Change Of Fabric Dimensionssupporting

confidence: 78%

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An Energy Model of Plain Knitted Fabric

Choi

2003

Textile Research Journal

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A new mathematical model describing a plain knitted fabric is proposed in this paper.One major feature of this model is that the yarn in the fabric can be naturally curved with nonlinear mechanical properties. The new model is able to describe the dimensions and also the low stress mechanical properties of a plain knit. Based on an energy analysis, the inadequacy of the classic k -values is explained. Complex dimensional behavior and problems associated with relaxation of knitted fabric are discussed. A more precise prediction of fabric dimensions is possible by including the degree of set as one of the parameters. The paper also explains why most of the studies of knitted fabric dimensional properties in the past have been empirical.Fabrics knitted from cotton are a very popular, and thus very important to the textile industry. Cotton, being a nonthermoplastic fiber, is unable to be heat set. This category of knitted fabrics will relax naturally after knitting, resulting in changing fabric dimensions. Due to the nature of the knitting process, the fabric is knitted under high stress and extension. Therefore, grey cotton fabrics off the machine will exhibit large and varied amounts of shrinkage. Measurements of shrinkage in grey fabrics are therefore of little value to fabric finishers. What is of value is the reference state of the fabric. This reference state acts as a target of the norm for assessing fabric dimensional behavior.In attempts to understand the dimensional behavior of knitted fabrics, the key element is the geometry of the knitted loop. Pierce [21 ], Shinn 1271, Leaf [ 13, 14, 15], Doyle [4, 51, Munden 120], Postle 122, 23], and recently Demiroz et al. [3] have all significantly contributed to the geometric analysis of plain knitted fabrics. In particular, Leafs geometric model [15] has aroused the interest of composite engineers [24]. The success of that model is due to its simplicity and a good description of the actual fabric. Recent innovative work (3J on loop geometry has used spline curves to represent the loop, which is especially useful in the visual display of knitted fabrics on a CAD system. Yarn jamming in a knitted fabric has long been identified as a major factor determining its the dimensional and mechanical properties. Knapton et al. III) ] concluded . 1 1 -that the stability of a cotton loop is reached when yarn bulking is restricted by yarn jamming. Alternatively, the dimensional properties of knitted fabrics were studied by some researchers [8. 23, 25] using the force method. In the theoretical models of Postle et al. [23], Shanahan et al. [25], and Hepworth et al. [8], yarn was treated as an elastica [ 18] that is naturally straight. MacRory et al. [ 19) and Hepworth [91 attempted to tackle the biaxial load-extension problem of knitted fabrics. MacRory's model emphasized slippage between loops and the biaxial load case with the loop elements being straightened, while Hepworth's model concentrated on the effect of yarn jamming. &dquo;Extensive experimental works have been accom...

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Section: Relaxation and Change Of Fabric Dimensionssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In the theoretical models of Postle et al [23], Shanahan et al. [25], and Hepworth et al. [8], yarn was treated as an elastica [ 18] that is naturally straight.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Energy Model of Plain Knitted Fabric

Choi

2003

Textile Research Journal

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“…Among these researchers, some [5,6,9,11,18,36,41,[46][47][48]53, 60] studied the mechanical modeling of weft knitted structures, some [8,27,29,37,38,41,45,49,52] suggested geometrical models to fit the plain-knitted loop shape, and some [22,27,42,49,55,64] suggested geometrical models for 1 × 1 rib fabric. However, the models given for 1 × 1 ribs were not general models to explain the whole phenomena observed in practice.…”

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confidence: 99%

Geometrical Models for Balanced Rib Knitted Fabrics Part I: Conventionally Knitted 1 × 1 Rib Fabrics

Kurbak

2009

Textile Research Journal

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Geometrical modelings of the fabric structures are needed to understand the dimensional behavior of knitted fabrics, to be able to define the surface properties and to prepare the basic work for creating physical models. Our main aim here is to prepare basic work for creating physical models for complex knitted structures. Firstly, we wish to discuss the dimensional properties of the whole basic weft knitted structures first, and after obtaining the whole picture, we will study the physical models. Thus, any physical parameter is not discussed here.Many researchers have studied the dimensional properties of weft knitted fabrics. Among these researchers, some [5,6,9,11,18,36,41,[46][47][48]53, 60] studied the mechanical modeling of weft knitted structures, some [8,27,29,37,38,41,45,49,52] suggested geometrical models to fit the plain-knitted loop shape, and some [22,27,42,49,55,64] suggested geometrical models for 1 × 1 rib fabric. However, the models given for 1 × 1 ribs were not general models to explain the whole phenomena observed in practice.A physical model of 1 × 1 rib fabric was given by Hepworth [17], but it is too difficult to apply the model to all relaxed fabric simulations.There are studies [1, 10, 15, 19-21, 23, 51, 58, 65, 66] which have defined the weft knitted textile material behavior in technical textile applications. In these studies, mostly basic knitted structures (plain, rib, milano and interlock) were used to manufacture the technical textiles.For further analysis, for example with finite element method, there is the need for proper geometrical definition of the structures to be considered as the initial state and also to make some assumptions in creating physical models. In the first part of this study, geometrical model for the 1 × 1 rib knitted fabric is developed because this fabric is commercially very popular as classical textiles and it is also very popular for technical applications nowadays. Application of the model to conventionally knitted fabrics (fabrics knitted using conventional take down tension) is also given in part I of this series. Part II will deal with the applications of 1 × 1 rib model to the structures as interlock, half milano and presser-foot knitted 1 × 1 rib. Part III will deal with the geometrical models of 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4 and 5 × 5 rib fabrics, in which a modified version of the present 1 × 1 rib model will be used. 1Abstract The 1 × 1 rib knitted fabric is mostly used for collar, cuff, waistband, etc. of outerwear knitted garments and it is also very popular nowadays for using as preforms of knitted composite structures. A geometrical model to predict the dimensional properties of conventionally knitted 1 × 1 rib fabric is created and given in part I of this series of papers. With the 1 × 1 rib model, relaxation mechanism and the effect of tightness on conventionally knitted 1 × 1 rib fabrics of wool are attempted to be explained (as an example of application of the model).

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“…Since 1951 research on the description of spatial structure of knitted fabrics has been conducted [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and a comprehensive literature revision of papers published till the early eighties was given by Zurek and Kopias [26]. That time the first interest of researchers was to find some relationships between fabric parameters and fabric dimensions.…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of Heat Transport Phenomena in a Three-Dimensional Model of Knitted Fabric

Puszkarz

Korycki

Krucińska

2016

Autex Research Journal

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The main goal of the current work is to analyse the three-dimensional approach for modelling knitted fabric structures for future analysis of physical properties and thermal phenomena. The introduced model assumes some simplification of morphology. First, fibres in knitted fabrics are described as monofilaments characterized by isotropic thermal properties. The current form of the considered knitted fabric is determined by morphological properties of the used monofilament and simplification of the stitch shape. This simplification was based on a particular technology for the knitting process that introduces both geometric parameters and physical material properties. Detailed descriptions of heat transfer phenomena can also be considered. A sensitivity analysis of the temperature field with respect to selected structural parameters was also performed.

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A Theoretical Analysis of the Plain-Knitted Structure

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

An Energy Model of Plain Knitted Fabric

An Energy Model of Plain Knitted Fabric

Geometrical Models for Balanced Rib Knitted Fabrics Part I: Conventionally Knitted 1 × 1 Rib Fabrics

Simulations of Heat Transport Phenomena in a Three-Dimensional Model of Knitted Fabric

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