A theory of aqueous emulsions I. Negative interfacial tension at the oil/water interface

Prince, Leon M.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(67)90099-9

Cited by 123 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Microemulsion systems formed spontaneously and have low viscosity which behaves as a Newtonian liquid [4]. Microemulsion has been shown to have an ultra low interfacial tension as it can load a large fraction of surfactant/co-surfactant mixture at interface thus thermodynamically stable [7]. Globule size of stable microemulsions is usually within the range of 10 -100 nm (100 -1000°A) therefore the whole system is transparent and the globules became invisible to the naked eye due to the fact that dispersed phase droplet does not refract the light [8].…”

Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Oil Phase and Co-Surfactant on Microemulsion Systems

Sisak

Daik²,

Ramli³

2017

MJAS

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different oil and chain lengths of co-surfactant on microemulsion region. Oleic acid and isopropyl myristate were used as the oil phase, transcutol, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and propylene glycol as co-surfactant and Brij 97 as a surfactant. From the ternary phase diagrams, isopropyl myristate based system is more feasible oil phase to formulate microemulsion compared to oleic acid based system. Moreover, transcutol (medium chain length) is the most suitable co-surfactant to blend with a single-chain surfactant, Brij 97 in order to have a high stability and a large area of microemulsion region.Keywords: microemulsion, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, transcutol, propylene glycol Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan minyak yang berbeza dan panjang rantai ko-surfaktan terhadap rantau mikroemulsi. Asid oleik dan isopropil miristat telah digunakan sebagai fasa minyak, transcutol, polietilena glikol 400 (PEG 400) dan propilena glikol sebagai ko-surfaktan dan Brij 97 sebagai surfaktan. Berdasarkan rajah fasa tenari, sistem berasaskan isopropil miristat adalah fasa minyak yang lebih sesuai untuk membentuk mikroemulsi berbanding sistem berasaskan asid oleik. Selain itu, transcutol yang berantai sederhana panjang adalah ko-surfaktan yang sesuai untuk diformulasikan bersama surfaktan rantai tunggal, Brij 97 yang memberikan rantau kawasan mikroemulsi yang besar dengan kestabilan yang tinggi.Kata kunci: mikroemulsi, asid oleik, isopropil miristat, transcutol, propilena glikol Introduction Microemulsions are versatile systems and can be used in various applications such as for cutting oils, corrosion inhibitors, biotechnology, fuels, coating and textile finishing, food industries, lubricants, and also in pharmaceuticals [1]. Microemulsions have generated extensive interest over the years as potential drug delivery systems, especially for the delivery of the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug [2]. It is because of its several characteristics such as improved drug solubilization, longer shelf life, ease of preparation and improvement of bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs [3]. It is also can be used to deliver drugs via several routes and making them as a promising dermal delivery of the drug through an efficient route of drug administration [4].

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Section: -2506mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Oil Phase and Co-Surfactant on Microemulsion Systems

Sisak

Daik²,

Ramli³

2017

MJAS

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“…Microemulsions were spontaneously formed upon water or oil addition due to a negative transient interfacial tension, which allowed the free energy to decrease as the total oil/water interfacial area increased [34]. At equilibrium, the oil-water interfacial tension approached zero or very small positive number.…”

Section: The Changes Of the Interfacial Tension And The Aggregating Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the phase behavior of food-grade microemulsions by mesoscopic simulation

Liu

Sun

et al. 2015

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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“…The three main theories of ME formation are briefly discussed here: interfacial or mixed film theory [11], solubilization theory [12], and thermodynamic theory [13]. According to the thermodynamic theory of stabilization, ME forms spontaneously because of the low value of interfacial tension on account of the diffusion of surfactant in the interfacial layer and to the major entropy contribution that depends on the mixing of one phase in the other in the form of numerous small droplets.…”

Section: Theories Of Microemulsion Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsion: New Insights into the Ocular Drug Delivery

Hegde

Verma

Ghosh³

2013

ISRN Pharmaceutics

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Delivery of drugs into eyes using conventional drug delivery systems, such as solutions, is a considerable challenge to the treatment of ocular diseases. Drug loss from the ocular surface by lachrymal fluid secretion, lachrymal fluid-eye barriers, and blood-ocular barriers are main obstacles. A number of ophthalmic drug delivery carriers have been made to improve the bioavailability and to prolong the residence time of drugs applied topically onto the eye. The potential use of microemulsions as an ocular drug delivery carrier offers several favorable pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical properties such as their excellent thermodynamic stability, phase transition to liquid-crystal state, very low surface tension, and small droplet size, which may result in improved ocular drug retention, extended duration of action, high ocular absorption, and permeation of loaded drugs. Further, both lipophilic and hydrophilic characteristics are present in microemulsions, so that the loaded drugs can diffuse passively as well get significantly partitioned in the variable lipophilic-hydrophilic corneal barrier. This review will provide an insight into previous studies on microemulsions for ocular delivery of drugs using various nonionic surfactants, cosurfactants, and associated irritation potential on the ocular surface. The reported in vivo experiments have shown a delayed effect of drug incorporated in microemulsion and an increase in the corneal permeation of the drug.

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A theory of aqueous emulsions I. Negative interfacial tension at the oil/water interface

Cited by 123 publications

References 11 publications

Study on the Effect of Oil Phase and Co-Surfactant on Microemulsion Systems

Study on the Effect of Oil Phase and Co-Surfactant on Microemulsion Systems

Investigation of the phase behavior of food-grade microemulsions by mesoscopic simulation

Microemulsion: New Insights into the Ocular Drug Delivery

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