A Theory on the Birth, Structure and Ultimate Fate of the Universe

Abstract

One major theory stipulates that our Universe was born through a process of fluctuation in a quantum world, the Big Bang and inflation, and is still expanding. However, questions concerning dark energy, dark matter and other major issue remain unanswered. If it is assumed that the quantum world remains outside of the Universe in the same state as before the birth of the Universe, and that the Universe is a space-time bubble created therein with a boundary that is an event horizon similar to a black hole, then it can be proven that the Universe is not expanding but contracting from its boundary, while satisfactorily explaining the observed results of the Universe's expansion and isotropy. The authors propose this as a new theory.

Proposal of a Model of a Three-Dimensional Spherical Universe

“…This model can show the entire structure of the universe as seen from outside of the universe from its birth to its end, as well as the chronological changes of the universe as observed from inside. The S 3 universe has a strong source of gravity in its center, and a part or all of it became a spacetime bubble where the universe was born [9]. The S 3 universe was explosively expanded by the Big Bang shortly after its birth, just like the current universe [9], eventually becoming a great sphere after the rate of expansion had slowed.…”

“…The S 3 universe has a strong source of gravity in its center, and a part or all of it became a spacetime bubble where the universe was born [9]. The S 3 universe was explosively expanded by the Big Bang shortly after its birth, just like the current universe [9], eventually becoming a great sphere after the rate of expansion had slowed. Soon after, the S 3 universe started to contract gradually; the speed of the contraction increased until it finally contracted to the original origin (Figure 1) [9] [10].…”

“…The visible longitude increases even during the contraction phase, as does the number of visible stars. Finally, the universe contracts to the origin and ends when the contraction speed increases and cosmic microwave background (CMB) reaches the longitude difference of π [9]. From the standpoint of an internal view of the universe, the gravity source, which is the origin of the universe, is in the outer shell of the celestial sphere, and the entire universe can be interpreted to be the bubble of spacetime floating in the gravity source at the origin [9].…”