A therapeutic approach to allergic pruritus in the dog

Shaw, Stephen

doi:10.1136/inp.f6662

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As with all such retrospective correlational studies, it must be remembered that cause‐and‐effect cannot be established. Results such as cases being 1.92× more likely to be administered flea control are likely to be associated with the diagnosis itself, due to owners administering flea control as a result of the dog's skin disease, because flea control is recommended for dogs with cAD . The same is possible for the places the dogs are walked, with owners of dogs diagnosed with cAD perhaps being less likely to walk them in woods, fields or beaches after diagnosis, due to potential for increased allergen exposure, meaning that control dogs are over‐represented in these areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis: a retrospective large‐scale study in Labrador and golden retrievers

Harvey

Shaw²,

Craigon

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is one the most common and distressing skin disorders seen in dogs. It is characterized by dysfunction in the skin barrier, with a complex pathogenesis combining both genetic and environmental factors.Objectives -To evaluate associations between environmental factors and case-control status in two closely related, at-risk breeds, the Labrador retriever and golden retriever.Animals -Two thousand four hundred and forty-five pet dogs, of which 793 were classed as cases (575 Labrador and 218 golden retrievers) and 1,652 as controls (1,120 Labrador and 532 golden retrievers).Methods and materials -Case-control status was assigned based upon owner response to a standardized validated questionnaire. Retrospective data on rearing environment were collected via additional questions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate associations between environmental factors and case-control status.Results -Risk factors included being reared in an urban environment (not living currently in an urban environment), being male, being neutered, receiving flea control and being allowed on upholstered furniture. Protective factors included living with other dogs (not cats) and walking in woodlands, fields or beaches. Additionally, amongst Labrador retrievers, chocolate-coloured dogs were at greater risk of having cAD than black-or yellowcoated dogs.Conclusions and clinical importance -This study is the largest of its kind to date to investigate the role of the environment in cAD. Although precise triggers are unclear, this study complements earlier studies in highlighting the protective role of a rural environment and some novel associations with disease development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis: a retrospective large‐scale study in Labrador and golden retrievers

Harvey

Shaw²,

Craigon

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…different areas of the body may be affected and varying severity), many of which may also be caused by other skin conditions. Once a diagnosis has been reached, treatment options need to be tailored to the individual depending on clinical signs, and these can change over time, requiring regular re-evaluation 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a new standardised data collection tool to aid in the diagnosis of canine skin allergies

Harvey

Shaw

Blott

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common hereditary clinical syndrome in domestic dogs with no definitive diagnostic tests, which causes marked morbidity and has a high economic impact internationally. We created a novel questionnaire for Labrador (LR) and Golden retriever (GR) owners to evaluate canine skin health with respect to clinical signs of cAD. 4,111 dogs had fully completed questionnaires (2,803 LR; 1,308 GR). ‘Cases’ (793) had a reported veterinary diagnosis of cAD, and ‘controls’ (1652) had no current or past clinical signs of cAD and were aged >3 years. Remaining dogs (1666) were initially categorised as ‘Other’. Simulated annealing was used comparing ‘Cases’ and ‘Others’ to select a novel set of features able to classify a known case. Two feature sets are proposed, one for use on first evaluation and one for dogs with a history of skin problems. A sum for each list when applied to the whole population (including controls) was able to classify ‘Cases’ with a sensitivity of 89% to 94% and specificity of 71% to 69%, respectively, and identify potentially undiagnosed cases. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that owner questionnaire data can be reliably used to aid in the diagnostic process of cAD.

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“…3 The severity of pruritus and cutaneous lesions associated with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) can be managed through allergen-specific immunotherapy, controlling dysbiosis, correcting stratum corneum barrier function and controlling inflammation with immunomodulatory drugs. [4][5][6][7] Oclacitinib maleate mitigates the clinical effects of cAD through its action on the signalling pathways of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) enzymes, which modify production of several interleukins (IL), including IL-2 and IL-6 (proinflammatory), IL-4 and IL-13 (pro-allergenic), and IL-31 (pruritogenic). 8,9 The ability of oclacitinib to rapidly and effectively reduce pruritus has been demonstrated in dogs, and it is currently indicated to control the acute and chronic clinical signs of cAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effect of long‐term oclacitinib maleate therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Martins¹,

Costa-Val

Coura³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a chronic disease characterised by hypersensitivity to environmental allergens. Oclacitinib maleate selectively inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators associated with cAD. However, the impact of chronic oclacitinib use on immunocompetence requires further investigation.Objectives -Herein, we examined the potential immunomodulatory effects of prolonged oclacitinib treatment in dogs.Animals -Thirteen privately owned dogs with cAD, treated with 0.4-0.6 mg/kg oclacitinib for 12 months.Methods and materials -Pruritus level was evaluated using a pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index, 4 th iteration (CADESI IV). Peripheral blood samples were collected for routine laboratory assays and lymphocyte subtypes were analysed using flow cytometry. Antigenspecific intracellular cytokine production from CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was analysed following in vitro stimulation by Dermatophagoides farinae antigens.Results -Oclacitinib treatment significantly reduced pVAS and CADESI-04 scores, by 51% and 86.7%, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed increased CD4+ and CD14+ lymphocyte populations. The cytokine profile at 360 days after treatment initiation was similar to that before treatment and was not associated with clinical relapse.Conclusion -Oclacitinib, when administered at the currently labelled dose for one year, is associated with a significant increase in circulating CD4+ T cells, but does not alter cytokine production from antigen-stimulated T cells. The results reported do not support evidence for immunosuppression mediated by the mechanisms evaluated in this study.

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A therapeutic approach to allergic pruritus in the dog

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Environmental risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis: a retrospective large‐scale study in Labrador and golden retrievers

Environmental risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis: a retrospective large‐scale study in Labrador and golden retrievers

Development and validation of a new standardised data collection tool to aid in the diagnosis of canine skin allergies

Immunomodulatory effect of long‐term oclacitinib maleate therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis

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