A Therapist-Dentist Perspective on the Role of Cytokine Changes in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease in Young Persons

Abstract

The issue of expanding the understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases is a pertinent one, and one that is frequently requested by the dental community, comprising professionals with a range of specialisations. A significant number of works from this direction show that in the etiology and pathogenesis of pathological processes of the periodontium, a significant role belongs to the microbial factor, in particular to representatives of the saprophytic and conditionally pathogenic microflora. In response to bacterial peptidoglycans, epithelial cells of the oral cavity synthesize a number of cytokines, which are a component of natural immunity. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern perspectives on the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases in young people and to highlight the role of cytokine changes. Materials and methods. Review and analysis of scientific and medical literature is based on databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI, the study of which does not exceed 5-7 years, including literature reviews and results of clinical studies. Research results. According to the results of the monitoring, it was found that the majority of works in the literature is devoted to the polymorphism of IL-1 family genes, since this pro-inflammatory cytokine plays a major role in the initiation and maintenance of the inflammatory response, the implementation of the entire complex of protective reactions of the body. At the same time, the issue of cytokine parallels between the level of the latter in peripheral and oral fluid remains relevant. Determining these parallels will make it possible to develop and justify high-quality preventive measures and complexes of early diagnosis of periodontal diseases in young patients, which will complement the range of preventive and diagnostic measures.