A thermal management system using ammonium carbamate as an endothermic heat sink

Johnson, Douglas; Niedbalski, Nicholas; Ervin, Jamie S.; Patnaik, Satwik

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.126

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The ultimate goal of aircraft thermal management systems is to maintain the temperature of sensors, components, instruments, spacecraft, or space equipment within a required range, regardless of changes in the thermal load caused by the external environment or operation [72]. For propulsion systems of hypersonic aircrafts, thermal management mainly aims to ensure that the working components of the propulsion system are maintained at the allowable temperature, and on the basis of assuring temperature safety, the thermal analysis and optimization design of the flow path system can be carried out to improve the performance of the engine and collect waste heat so as to improve fuel energy utilization and therefore reduce the fuel's quality penalty on aircrafts.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Protection System and Thermal Management for Combined-Cycle Engine: Review and Prospects

et al. 2019

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Combined-cycle engine is a potential propulsion system for hypersonic aircraft. To ensure long-term, normal operation of combined-cycle engine under the harsh environment of high thermal load, it is of great significance to study the thermal protection and management of the propulsion system. In this study, the objective and development status of thermal protection and thermal management systems for the combined-cycle propulsion system were described. The latest research progresses of thermal protection, thermal barrier coating, and thermal management system of the combined-cycle propulsion system were summarized. Moreover, the problems and shortcoming in current researches were summarized. In addition, a prospect for the future development of thermal protection and management of the combined-cycle propulsion system was presented, pointing out a direction of great value and vital research significance to thermal protection and management of the combined-cycle propulsion system.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Protection System and Thermal Management for Combined-Cycle Engine: Review and Prospects

et al. 2019

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“…Solar energy, geothermal energy, industrial waste heat, and equipment heat dissipation are all forms of low-grade heat that, if properly recovered, would result in significant energy savings and reduced CO 2 emissions. , However, there are still some problems with conventional low-grade heat thermal management , and utilization technologies. Before temperature upgrading, most low-grade heat is difficult to use directly for space heating or industrial processes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its excellent properties, AC has been tested for a variety of low-grade heat thermal management applications. ,− As an example, Johnson et al , verified that the addition of AC significantly improved, by 58%, the heat transfer of the heat exchange reactor in a novel low-grade heat thermal management system. Koutinas et al proposed a thermochemical solar energy storage system based on the reaction of CO 2 , NH 3 , and AC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Effect on the Chemical Equilibrium of Ammonium Carbamate for Chemical Heat Pump

Dai

Yin

Wang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Chemical heat pump based on ammonium carbamate (AC) is a promising low-grade heat utilization technology. It is essential to know the chemical equilibrium properties in the application of AC-based technologies. AC is usually mixed with solvents to realize circulation. However, the existing studies mainly focus on AC in the solid phase. Therefore, the influence of solvents on the chemical equilibrium of AC was experimentally investigated in this work. The results confirm the solvent effect on the equilibrium pressure of AC in the range of 10∼90 °C. For solvents capable of dissolving AC, the equilibrium pressure increases with both AC concentration and temperature. The solvent effect is mainly due to the influence on both the reaction enthalpy and entropy change terms. An equilibrium pressure–temperature–concentration relationship of AC solution is established. These results provide essential parameters for the design and operation of low-grade heat management and utilization systems based on AC.

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“…As an alternative to air, Johnson et al (2015Johnson et al ( , 2017 discussed the use of an expandable material that would absorb the heat generated by the aircraft systems while experiencing an endothermic chemical reaction, before ejecting the collected heat overboard. An example of such materials is ammonium carbamate, a solid ammonium salt that decomposes into carbon dioxide and ammonia gases with an enthalpy of decomposition of approximately 2 MJ/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aircraft fuel thermal management system and flight thermal endurance

Manna

Ravikumar

Harrison

et al. 2022

Trans. Can. Soc. Mech. Eng.

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An aircraft thermal management model was created in which fuel is circulated through the heat dissipating components for cooling purposes. A fraction of this fuel is then fed to the engine for combustion, while the excess is cooled by rejecting heat to the ambient and returned to the tank. The thermal management system was designed with the intent of controlling the heat dissipating surface temperature, ensuring a certain heat removal rate, while safeguarding the physical integrity of the fuel. The time variation of the fuel temperature and heat transfer rates was calculated. It was observed that for a constant heat dissipating surface temperature, the heated fuel temperature increased, and the heat removal capacity degraded over time. Conversely, for a specified heat removal rate, both the heat dissipating surface temperature and heated fuel temperature increased during the flight. Lastly, when the maximum fuel temperature was specified, both the heat dissipating surface temperature and heat removal rate decreased over time. In all cases, the time taken for these variables to hit the user-defined threshold values was recorded. A detailed sensitivity analysis was also presented highlighting the critical importance of the fuel recirculation rate on the performance of the thermal management system.

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A thermal management system using ammonium carbamate as an endothermic heat sink

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Thermal Protection System and Thermal Management for Combined-Cycle Engine: Review and Prospects

Thermal Protection System and Thermal Management for Combined-Cycle Engine: Review and Prospects

Solvent Effect on the Chemical Equilibrium of Ammonium Carbamate for Chemical Heat Pump

Aircraft fuel thermal management system and flight thermal endurance

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