A Thermodynamic Model for Micellar Growth on the Basis of Light Scattering Intensities from Extremely Dilute Solutions of Nonionic Surfactant

Sphere to rod transitions in homologous alkylpyridinium salts: A Stauff-Klevens-type equation for the second critical micelle concentration

“…Although several thermodynamic studies of the second cmc have been reported during the past decades, from either a phenomenological [1,4,12,[14][15][16] or a molecular thermodynamical [17,18] point of view, several aspects of the aggregation process in the sphere to rod transition remain to be clarified. This is the case for the dependence of the second cmc on the monomer chain length.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and references therein). Amphiphilic molecules are formed by a hydrophilic polar head and a hydrophobic tail, consequently showing a striking tendency to minimize their free energies in solution by cooperative [9][10][11] self-assembly either at interfaces or by forming large micellar aggregates in the bulk at concentrations above a well-defined concentration called the critical micelle concentration (cmc) [2].…”

“…The size and shape of the mesomorphic equilibrium self-associating structures are determined by the balance of energetic and entropic changes in the mainly entropically driven hydrophobic aggregation process, together with molecular packing considerations. It took much effort to conclude that this polymorphism was essentially due to intraaggregate mechanisms (essentially opposed forces, hydrophobic attraction between monomer chains, and repulsions between surface head groups, and molecular packing constraints), with interaggregate interactions having a negligible effect on the thermodynamic stability of a given shape [3,4].…”

A viscometric study for adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto the inner surface of glass capillary

“…In concentrated solutions, since the adsorption on the wall of the container could be neglected compared to the bulk solution, it has little effects on the viscosity 16. However, in extremely dilute solutions ( C < 10 −2 g/cm 3 ),17 the actual concentration of solution is inevitably lessened due to the adsorption of solute onto the inner wall of the container, and then the inner radius of viscometer capillary reduces for the same reason, therefore the measured viscosity appears deviation. For instance, a graph of reduced viscosity plotted against concentration shows an upward curve as the concentration dips below a certain level 18, 19.…”

Structure and dynamics of networks formed in concentrated solutions of nonionic surfactants

“…where DM is the diffusion coefficient of the center of mass of worm-like micelles, (d) is the mean distance between the centers of mass of adjacent micelles, and q=~g is the time In dilute solutions, N is proportional to c ~12 after a threshold concentration [18,19]. If this relation holds up to semidilute region, we have <d) < c-1i6.…”