A third antigenic component associated with foot-and-mouth disease infection

Cowan, K. M.; Graves, J. H.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(66)90128-0

Cited by 116 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…VIA antigens were prepared by a modification of the methods described by Cowan & Graves (1966) and Lobo, Gutierrez & Marino (1974). Dry Sephadex A-50 was added to virus harvests to a concentration of 1 g of gel per 1.5 1 of clarified harvest or to the supernatant after ultracentrifugation to remove 140S material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune response to virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by formalin or acetylethyleneimine

Pinto

Garland

1979

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe results of experiments to investigate antibody to 'virus infection associated' (VIA) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with formalin-or acetylethyleneimine-(AEI) inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines under laboratory conditions are reported. Results are also presented from some vaccinated animals subsequently exposed to FMD infection.Antibody against VIA was not detected before and after the first vaccination with formalin or AEI-inactivated vaccine but did develop in all animals after the second formalin vaccination and persisted throughout the experiment. After the second AEI vaccination, 4 of 12 animals developed antibody which persisted for at least 37 days. This transient response in some cattle was repeated after successive vaccinations but, in general, more animals responded as the number ofvaccinations increased.After exposure to infection, a transient VIA antibody response was occasionally observed in immune AEI-vaccinated animals. Some immune repeatedly AEIvaccinated cattle did not develop detectable VIA antibody after challenge despite the persistence of virus in oesophageal-pharyngeal (O/P) fluid.The presence of antibody to VIA antigen is not conclusive proof that vaccinated animals have been exposed to infection and field data must be interpreted with caution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A group-specific antigen occurring in tissues infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was described by Cowan & Graves (1966). It appeared to be a non-structural virus component produced in the course of infection and was therefore named 'virus-infection-associated' (VIA) antigen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by formalin or acetylethyleneimine

Pinto

Garland

1979

J. Hyg.

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“…e) Not tested. basis of its molecular mass and its reaction with sera from convalescent animals [5,14]. FMDV particles have been shown to react with antibody against recombinant 3D, which demonstrates that 3D is a component of FMDV particles [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Pigs from Vaccinated Pigs using a Western Blotting Assay Based on Baculovirus-Expressed Nonstructural Proteins 2C and 3D

Fukai

Morioka

Ohashi

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Baculovirus-expressed foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural proteins 2C and 3D were used as the antigens in a western blotting assay. This assay allowed for differentiation of FMDV-infected pigs from vaccinated pigs. Serial studies were performed using sera collected from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs. Positive reactions were found in the sera derived from the experimentally infected pigs. There was, however, no positive reaction in the vaccinated pigs. These results suggest that this western blotting assay is a useful method for differentiation of infected pigs from vaccinated pigs. KEY WORDS: baculovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, nonstructural protein, swine, western blotting.

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“…Virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen of foot-andmouth disease (FMD) was first described by Cowan and Graves in 1966 [1]. It was regarded that VIA antigen was a nonstructural antigen corresponding to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [5], and that the antibody to VIA antigen (VIA-antibody) was produced in an animal infected or multivaccinated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,4]. Moreover, the VIA-antibody reacts with the VIA antigen from any type of FMD virus [1]. The agarose gel diffusion (AGD) test has been widely used as a standard method for the detection of VIA-antibody.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Latex Beads Agglutination Test for the Detection of the Antibody against Virus-Infection-Associated(VIA) Antigen of Foot-and-Mouth Disease(FMD) Virus.

Sugimura

Suzuki²,

Chatchawanchonteera

et al. 2000

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Latex beads agglutination (LA) for the detection of the antibody against virus infection-associated (VIA) antigen of foot-andmouth disease (FMD) virus was estimated using experimentally infected animals. The VIA antibody titer by the LA test were compared with the neutralization titer and the titer by agarose gel diffusion (AGD) test, which has been used as a standard method for VIA antibody titration. The latex beads were coated with VIA antigen in carbonate buffer solution (0.5M, pH9.6) for the test. The sensitivity of the LA test was clearly higher than that of the AGD test in the results for cattle and swine infected experimentally. The antibody was detected in the bovine serum obtained at the 13th week after inoculation by the LA but not by the AGD test. The LA test appears to be simple, rapid and sensitive for the detection of the antibody of FMD virus in the surveillance of FMD and the FMD quarantine of imported animals. Virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen of foot-andmouth disease (FMD) was first described by Cowan and Graves in 1966 [1]. It was regarded that VIA antigen was a nonstructural antigen corresponding to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [5], and that the antibody to VIA antigen (VIA-antibody) was produced in an animal infected or multivaccinated. [2,4]. Moreover, the VIA-antibody reacts with the VIA antigen from any type of FMD virus [1]. The agarose gel diffusion (AGD) test has been widely used as a standard method for the detection of VIA-antibody. The purpose of the present paper was to find a more sensitive method to replace the AGD test, which is not very sensitive. The latex beads agglutination method (LA) was evaluated as a method for the detection of VIA antibody.The VIA antigen used in the experiments was obtained from inactivated FMD vaccine, as described before [6]. The molecular weight of the purified VIA antigen was approximately 56,000. The AGD tests were carried out on slide glass (76 × 26mm). Five ml of one per cent agar in 0.02 M tris buffer solution at pH 7.6 with 0.15 M NaCl was dispensed onto each slide glass. The test pattern consisted of a center well surrounded at a distance of 1.5 mm by six peripheral wells, each 2 mm in diameter. The center well was filled with VIA antigen. Two opposing peripheral wells were filled with positive serum (convalescent bovine serum) and the other four wells were used for detection of VIA-antibody in sera.For sensitization of the latex beads, 37.5 ml of 1% Latex beads (Polybead, 0.96 µm in diameter, Polyscience, Inc.) in carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution (pH 9.6) and VIA antigen, the titer of which was 1:4 in AGD, were mixed thoroughly. The mixture was kept overnight at 4°C. The excess of VIA antigen was washed out with PBS (pH 7.3) three times. After the last washing, the latex beads were resuspended at a 0.2% concentration in same PBS containing 0.5% horse serum. Fifty microliters of a two-fold serial dilution of test serum was put in each well of a 96 well microplate (Round bottom), and then, 50 µl of 0.2% latex bead...

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A third antigenic component associated with foot-and-mouth disease infection

Cited by 116 publications

References 18 publications

Immune response to virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by formalin or acetylethyleneimine

Immune response to virus-infection-associated (VIA) antigen in cattle repeatedly vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by formalin or acetylethyleneimine

Differentiation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Pigs from Vaccinated Pigs using a Western Blotting Assay Based on Baculovirus-Expressed Nonstructural Proteins 2C and 3D

Application of Latex Beads Agglutination Test for the Detection of the Antibody against Virus-Infection-Associated(VIA) Antigen of Foot-and-Mouth Disease(FMD) Virus.

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