“…Static scope-holding devices are available, including the Karl Storz Endoscopy-America Point Setter (Karl Storz Endoscopy-America, Culver City, CA), Invotec Flexible Tension Arm (Invotec International, Jacksonville, FL), and Fukashima Flexible Retractor Arm (Paugh Surgical, Richmond, VA). 11 However, because of their static nature, the need for the surgeon to manually position the scope holder for image adjustments or to clean the lens, and the relatively high cost of these devices, the devices have not been widely adopted. Therefore, the developed hands-free robot provides a feasible solution to the active endoscope manipulation problem in sinus surgery.…”