A Thirty‐Year Odyssey in Nitrogen Metabolism: From Ammonium to Dipeptides

Fürst, Peter

doi:10.1177/0148607100024004197

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The development of FO solutions for parenteral nutrition (PN) enables short intravenous interventions provided over a few hours or days to exert targeted effects in patients (Krohn and Koletzko, 2006). Among the non-energetic effects of lipids that are potentially useful in critically ill patients (Calder and Deckelbaum, 1999;Fürst, 2000), the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism and of the inflammatory response are the most important. In vitro data suggest that nÀ3 PUFAs inhibit the de novo lipogenesis, a biochemical process during which carbohydrates are transformed into fatty acids (Klein et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish oil after abdominal aorta aneurysm surgery

et al. 2007

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Objective: Fish oil (FO) may attenuate the inflammatory response after major surgery such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. We aimed at evaluating the clinical impact and safety aspects of a FO containing parenteral nutrition (PN) after AAA surgery. Methods: Intervention consisted in 4 days of either standard (STD: Lipofundin medium-chain triglyceride (MCT): long-chain triglyceride (LCT)50%-MCT50%) or FO containing PN (FO: Lipoplus: LCT40%-MCT50%-FO10%). Energy target were set at 1.3 times the preoperative resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Blood sampling on days 0, 2, 3 and 4. Glucose turnover by the 2 H 2 -glucose method. Muscle microdialysis. Clinical data: maximal daily T1, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. Results: Both solutions were clinically well tolerated, without any differences in laboratory safety parameters, inflammatory, metabolic data, or in organ failures. Plasma tocopherol increased similarly; with FO, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid increased significantly by day 4 versus baseline or STD. To increased postoperatively, with a trend to lower values in FO group (P ¼ 0.09). After FO, a trend toward shorter ICU stay (1.670.4 versus 2.370.4), and hospital stay (9.972.4 versus 11.372.7 days: P ¼ 0.19) was observed. Conclusions: Both lipid emulsions were well tolerated. FO-PN enhanced the plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and was associated with trends to lower body temperature and shorter length of stay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish oil after abdominal aorta aneurysm surgery

et al. 2007

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“…This is also so for other pathological conditions in which Ta may be deficient, such as in hepatic failure or renal failure patients where, beside their incapacity to reabsorb Ta, there is also reduced CSD activity [35]. Fu¨rst believes that the synthesis of Ta declines during long-term TPN, so that it is necessary to add it to the formula [36]. Therefore, in light of the experimental and clinical data, and the low toxicity of Ta, it seems logical to add Ta and its precursors to the parenteral formula for the preterm infant, and patients with liver or renal failure, prolonged metabolic stress, or prolonged short bowel syndrome [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine and cholestasis associated to TPN. Experimental study in rabbit model

et al. 2005

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Taurine seems to be essential in the newborn for bile acid (BA) tauroconjugation, and its deficiency has been implicated in total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (TPN-AC). Our purpose was to study the relationship between taurine (Ta) and TPN-AC in rabbits, which have a similar biliary metabolism to that of humans. We used 40 young rabbits, fed for 10 days according to the following four groups: GA [10] given TPN, with amino acid solution (AA) but without taurine (Ta) or its AA-precursors (methionine, cysteine, and serine); GB [10] the same but only without taurine; GC [10] the same but with taurine and its precursors; and GD [10] the control group with oral nutrition and saline infusion. Complete blood and bile analytical data were obtained and analyzed, including plasma AA and BA. Liver samples were studied under optical and electron microscopy. Serum: In GC there was a 20% increase in the AA-precursors, but paradoxically it was greater in GA. Bile: In GC there was 30% more excretion of total and free BA compared with less than 20% in GA and GB. Regarding toxic BA, there was a 15% decline in GLC3S excretion, but more than 20% in LCA excretion, than in GA and GB. Moreover, in GC the glyco-/tauro-conjugate ratio was worse than in the other groups. Histomorphology: While in GA and GB liver steatosis was diffuse (microsteatohepatitis type), in GC there was macrosteatosis with mitochondria-surrounded lipid droplets. In GA and GB, the canaliculi appeared dilated, with abundant bile plugs and loss of microvilli. There are signs that taurine may protect against TPN-AC. The mechanism does not seem to be BA tauroconjugation, but probably taurine's antioxidant, membrane stabilization (with Ca2+ and HCO3-), and/or osmotic effects.

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“…Among them, l -alanyl- l -glutamine (Ala-Gln) dipeptide is an important nutrient supplement and can be used to prevent intestinal atrophy . Besides, the Ala-Gln dipeptide is widely applied as an alternative to glutamine in medical fields due to its higher thermal stability and solubility. , Accordingly, there is an increasing need for a highly efficient synthesis of the valuable dipeptides. To date, three main technologies have been available for synthesis of dipeptide: chemical synthesis, cell fermentation and enzymatic synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papain@Magnetic Nanocrystalline Cellulose Nanobiocatalyst: A Highly Efficient Biocatalyst for Dipeptide Biosynthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Cao

et al. 2015

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Magnetic nanocrystalline cellulose (MNCC), a novel bio-based nanocomposite, was prepared via a simple co-precipitation-cross-linking technique and structurally characterized. Papain (PA) was successfully immobilized onto the MNCC. The resulting nano-biocatalyst PA@MNCC showed high PA loading (333 mg/g) and enzyme activity recovery (more than 80%). The stabilities of PA@MNCC was greatly superior to that of its free counterpart. Also, PA@MNCC manifested markedly enhanced solvent tolerance. The secondary structure study of the enzyme proved that these enhancements were attributed to the increase of structure rigidity of PA@MNCC. The observed optimum pH and temperature of PA@MNCC were significantly higher than the corresponding levels of free PA. A kinetic study demonstrated that PA@MNCC had a increase in enzyme-substrate affinity.Furthermore, the as-prepared PA@MNCC was successfully used as an efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-alanyl-glutamine (Z-Ala-Gln) dipeptide in deep eutectic solvent (DES), choline chloride (ChCl):Urea(1:2), with a high yield (about 71.5%), which, to our knowledge, was greatly higher than that reported previously. Besides, the novel PA@MNCC was easily recycled from the reaction medium by magnetic forces. Obviously, MNCC is a promising and competitive enzyme carrier and the as-prepared nano-biocatalyst PA@MNCC exhibited great potential for efficient biosynthesis of dipeptide.

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A Thirty‐Year Odyssey in Nitrogen Metabolism: From Ammonium to Dipeptides

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Fish oil after abdominal aorta aneurysm surgery

Fish oil after abdominal aorta aneurysm surgery

Taurine and cholestasis associated to TPN. Experimental study in rabbit model

Papain@Magnetic Nanocrystalline Cellulose Nanobiocatalyst: A Highly Efficient Biocatalyst for Dipeptide Biosynthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents

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