A Threatened Identity: The Mental Health Status of Syrian Refugees in Egypt and Its Etiology

Kira, Ibrahim A.; Shuwiekh, Hanaa; Rice, Kenneth G.; Ibraheem, Boshra Al; Aljakoub, Jakoub

doi:10.1080/15283488.2017.1340163

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…AA highly associated with the CTD-Dissociation/Psychosis Sub-scale. The research found similar results in subsequent studies on Palestinians (Kira, Alawneh, Aboumediene, Lewandowski, & Laddis, 2014), and Syrians refugees (Kira, Shuwiekh, Rice, Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2017).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In path analysis, EAA fully mediated the effects of cumulative trauma on PTSD, which emphasizes the clinical importance of this long-ignored existential dimension. Recent studies on Syrian refugees in Egypt and the Netherlands and internally displaced replicated these findings and found similar results on the role of EAA in PTSD and other mental health conditions (Al-Ibraheem, Kira, Aljakoub, & Al-Ibraheem, 2017;Kira, Shuwiekh, Al Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2018b;Kira, Shuwiekh, Rice, Al Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2017). These findings are important to developing more convincing conceptual frameworks and more effective intervention strategies that target EAA in all its components.…”

Section: Conclusion Discussion and Proposed Future Developmentmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Identity hierarchy, as discussed earlier, includes personal, col-Psychology lective or social, role/status and physical identities. Concerns about the existence, maintenance and continuous emergence of individual's identities can escalate upon exposure to relevant and important threats, stressors, and traumas (e.g., Kira, 2006;Kira, Alawneh, Aboumediane, Mohanesh, Ozkan, & Alamia, 2011;Kira, Shuwiekh, Al Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2018b;Kira, Shuwiekh, Kucharska, Abu-Ras, & Bujold-Bugeaud, 2017;Kira, Shuwiekh, Rice, Al Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2017). Such exposure can trigger existential fears of the annihilation of one or all of her/his identities.…”

Section: Identity-based Eaa Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…van Bruggen, Vos, Westerhof, Bohlmeijer, & Glas, 2015). A recent attempt to introduce and measure EAA, from an integrative theoretical framework that includes especially group-based existential AA and social status related AA, in addition to the psychic annihilation fears is proposed by Kira and Colleagues (Kira et al 2012b;Kira, Shuwiekh, Rice, Al Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2017). The developed short measure has good reliability, strong divergent and predictive validity and fits the theoretical assumptions that underlie the construct.…”

Section: Measuring Eaamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Conceptual Model and Measurement of Identity-Based, Existential Annihilation Anxieties (EAA)

Kira¹,

Templin²,

Lewandowski³

et al. 2018

PSYCH

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Conclusion Discussion and Proposed Future Developmentmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Identity-based Eaa Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Eaamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Conceptual Model and Measurement of Identity-Based, Existential Annihilation Anxieties (EAA)

Kira¹,

Templin²,

Lewandowski³

et al. 2018

PSYCH

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The CTS-S has shown adequate internal consistency (α = 0.85; Kira et al, 2008, Kira, Fawzi, & Fawzi, 2013Kira, Shuwiekh, Rice, Al Ibraheem, & Aljakoub, 2017). Evidence of the instrument's predictive validity includes cumulative trauma significantly predicting post-traumatic stress disorder (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), cumulative trauma-related disorders (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), and poor health (r = 0.37, p < 0.001; Kira et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

Kira¹,

Barger²,

Shuwiekh³

et al. 2019

PSYCH

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The unpredictability of suicide is one of the mental health challenges. Based on the threshold model cumulative stressors and traumas interact with a person's characteristics to produce non-linearly suicidality. The current study tests this non-linear relationship using Catastrophe cusp theory. We used cumulative stressors and traumas (CST) as bifurcation control factor and age as asymmetry control factor and suicide as outcome Cusp factor. We utilized three combined previously collected data sets (N = 967) from Western (the UK, N = 177) and non-Western countries (Egypt: N = 490, and Kuwait: N = 300). The combined dataset included 22% adolescents, 40.2% males. Age ranged from 14-75. The measures included cumulative stressors and traumas, interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience and suicidality. Further, we used measures of interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience to explore some of the protective factors. We used correlation, curve estimation regression and Cusp catastrophe statistical method to test the hypothesis of the non-linear threshold cusp (sudden shift) model. The explained variance by Cusp catastrophe model non-linear model was highly superior (R 2 = 0.762) to the linear model (R 2 = 0.045) in predicting suicidality. Further, results found that interfaith spirituality, religiosity, and identity salience were powerful protective factors from the sudden emergence of suicidality. We discussed the implications of the results to the conceptualization, prevention, and interventions with suicidal behavior.

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A type III continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study

Kira

Alpay

Shuwiekh

et al. 2023

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Hostilities and discrimination against refugees are continuous traumatic stressors (type III trauma) different from single past trauma. The goal was to measure their potential effects longitudinally. Recruiting 190 Syrian refugees in Turkey, we measured, two times, depression, complex PTSD, PTSD, anxiety, executive function, cumulative stressors, resilience, identity salience and the will to exist, live, survive and fight (WTELS‐F). We measured changes between times one and two. Using the structural equation, we tested two models. The first included latent variables ‘changes between times 1 and 2 in discrimination, community violence, and poverty (DCVP)’, ‘mental health,’ and ‘executive function deficits’. The second included identity salience, WTELS‐F, PTG and resilience. Results indicated that the increase in DCVP led to a significant increase in mental health symptoms and cognitive deficits. There was a parallel increase in WTELS‐F and PTG. Identity salience seems to lead to this increase in WTELS‐F and PTG. We examined the clinical and conceptual significance of the results. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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A Threatened Identity: The Mental Health Status of Syrian Refugees in Egypt and Its Etiology

Cited by 47 publications

References 57 publications

A Conceptual Model and Measurement of Identity-Based, Existential Annihilation Anxieties (EAA)

A Conceptual Model and Measurement of Identity-Based, Existential Annihilation Anxieties (EAA)

Cumulative Stressors and Traumas and Suicide: A Non-Linear Cusp Dynamic Systems Model

A type III continuous trauma perspective on the effects of increased ongoing hostility, discrimination, community violence and poverty on refugees' mental health and cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study

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