A three-dimensional actively spreading bone repair material based on cell spheroids can facilitate the preservation of tooth extraction sockets

Abstract

Introduction: Achieving a successful reconstruction of alveolar bone morphology still remains a challenge because of the irregularity and complex microenvironment of tooth sockets. Biological materials including hydroxyapatite and collagen, are used for alveolar ridge preservation. However, the healing effect is often unsatisfactory.Methods: Inspired by superwetting biomimetic materials, we constructed a 3D actively-spreading bone repair material. It consisted of photocurable polyether F127 diacrylate hydrogel loaded with mixed spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs).Results: Biologically, cells in the spheroids were able to spread and migrate outwards, and possessed both osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Meanwhile, ECs also enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mechanically, the excellent physical properties of F127DA hydrogel ensured that it was able to be injected directly into the tooth socket and stabilized after light curing. In vivo experiments showed that MSC-EC-F127DA system promoted bone repair and preserved the shape of alveolar ridge within a short time duration.Discussion: In conclusion, the novel photocurable injectable MSC-EC-F127DA hydrogel system was able to achieve three-dimensional tissue infiltration, and exhibited much therapeutic potential for complex oral bone defects in the future.

Advancements in alveolar bone grafting and ridge preservation: a narrative review on materials, techniques, and clinical outcomes

“…A notable exploration in this domain is by Guo et al [ 11 ], who developed a minimally invasive bone repair material. Their innovative design, a 3D bone repair material, comprises a photocurable polyether F127 diacrylate hydrogel loaded with mixed spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs).…”

“…Their innovative design, a 3D bone repair material, comprises a photocurable polyether F127 diacrylate hydrogel loaded with mixed spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The MSC-EC-F127DA system demonstrated remarkable potential in promoting bone repair and preserving the alveolar ridge shape, marking a significant stride towards effective ARP procedures [ 11 ].…”

“…Guo et al [ 11 ] pioneered an injectable bone repair material that stabilizes upon curing. This material showcased active spreading, filling the defect, and offering a robust scaffold for bone regeneration [ 11 ].…”

“…Guo et al [ 11 ] pioneered an injectable bone repair material that stabilizes upon curing. This material showcased active spreading, filling the defect, and offering a robust scaffold for bone regeneration [ 11 ]. Recent advancements have also been seen in other types of injectable materials like ternary calcium-based bone cement, which has been shown to promote bone repair [ 33 ], and hierarchically degradable bioactive scaffolds that mimic the natural bone repair process [ 34 ].…”

“…PRF, combined with bone graft materials, might increase bone regeneration, although the efficacy of PRF in enhancing bone regeneration in ARP remains a topic of investigation [ 38 – 40 ]. Injectable bone repair materials: as illustrated by the works of Guo et al [ 11 ], injectable bone repair materials provide a minimally invasive approach to bone repair, showcasing significant potential in preserving the alveolar ridge post-extraction. Bioactive materials: these materials, including HA and bioactive glasses, mimic the natural bone structure and composition, fostering better integration and regeneration.…”