A three-dimensional comparison of condylar position changes between centric relation and centric occlusion using the mandibular position indicator

Cone-beam tomography assessment of condylar position discrepancy between centric relation and maximal intercuspation

“…The limitations of these methods used to examine TMJ anatomy are subject to much controversy and debate in scientific circles, warranting further clarification. 1,2,4 The introduction of cone-beam computerized tomography, a reliable and affordable three-dimensional diagnostic tool, created the possibility of faithfully reproducing any anatomical condition of the craniofacial complex. 11 It is well known that spatial variations in the position of the condyle relative to the mandibular fossa in the RC and MI maxillomandibular positions are mostly very small -on the order of millimeters -and occur in approximately 90% of the entire population.…”

“…[3][4][5] Many authors support the use of CR in occlusal rehabilitation therapy, 3,11 since they consider it an easily reproducible reference position, and also in orthodontics, 1,3 strongly advocating the need to plan any treatment by mounting study models on an articulator and performing diagnostic teleradiography, both using CR.…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Among the methodological resources most widely used in studies comparing variations between maxillomandibular relations are articulator casts and conventional radiography. 1,2,10 These studies, in several cases, have established…”

“…[1][2][3] Opinions diverge greatly with regard to the clinical use of these maxillomandibular positions. Systematic literature reviews include authors in favor of an extensive use of CR in the planning of occlusal rehabilitation therapy and orthodontics, 1,3 alongside others who suggest an individual analysis of each clinical situation when determining which maxillomandibular relationship should be considered correct.…”

“…[1][2][3] Opinions diverge greatly with regard to the clinical use of these maxillomandibular positions. Systematic literature reviews include authors in favor of an extensive use of CR in the planning of occlusal rehabilitation therapy and orthodontics, 1,3 alongside others who suggest an individual analysis of each clinical situation when determining which maxillomandibular relationship should be considered correct. 4,5 Despite the different opinions about how and when to use either of these two maxillomandibular positions, one point of relative acceptance among scientists is that most individuals in the population have discrepancies between CR and MI, 4 mainly symptomatic individuals and those with Class II and III malocclusions.…”