A three-dimensional computational analysis of bridges subjected to monochromatic wave attack

Crowley, Raphael; Robeck, Corbin; Dompe, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2018.02.001

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While the majority of the numerical studies focused on two-dimensional (2D) models, some of them pointed out that the interaction between a deck and the wave is not a completely two-dimensional process, especially when (i) the deck has diaphragms that trap the air [43][44][45], (ii) the elevated slab has air-vents [19], (iii) the deck is skewed [46][47][48], (iv) the wave is oblique [46] or (v) water-borne debris is trapped in front of the deck at an off-center location [49]. For example, Bozognia and Lee [43] showed that simplified 2D simulations of periodic waves impacting a concrete deck with diaphragms, could not represent the motion of air in the longitudinal direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

Xiang

Istrati

2021

JMSE

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Given the documented wave-induced damage of elevated coastal decks during extreme natural hazards (e.g., hurricanes) in the last two decades, it is of utmost significance to decipher the wave-structure-interaction of complex deck geometries and quantify the associated loads. Therefore, this study focuses on the assessment of solitary wave impact on open-girder decks that allow the air to escape from the sides. To this end, an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) numerical method with a multi-phase compressible formulation is used for the development of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models, which are validated against a large-scale experimental dataset of a coastal deck. Using the validated model as a baseline, a parametric investigation of different deck geometries with a varying number of girders Ng and three different widths, was conducted. The results reveal that the Ng of a superstructure has a complex role and that for small wave heights the horizontal and uplift forces increase with the Ng, while for large waves the opposite happens. If the Ng is small the wave particles accelerate after the initial impact on the offshore girder leading to a more violent slamming on the onshore part of the deck and larger pressures and forces, however, if Ng is large then unsynchronized eddies are formed in each chamber, which dissipate energy and apply out-of-phase pressures that result in multiple but weaker impacts on the deck. The decomposition of the total loads into slamming and quasi-static components, reveals surprisingly consistent trends for all the simulated waves, which facilitates the development of predictive load equations. These new equations, which are a function of Ng and are limited by the ratio of the wavelength to the deck width, provide more accurate predictions than existing empirical methods, and are expected to be useful to both engineers and researchers working towards the development of resilient coastal infrastructure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

Xiang

Istrati

2021

JMSE

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“…The importance of 3D effects was also observed experimentally in the case of bridges with air-vents in the deck, for which case the distance of the vents from (i) the diaphragms and (ii) the girders forming the chambers had a critical role [19]. Moreover, Crowley et al [45], who conducted numerical simulations of monochromatic wave impact on bridge decks noticed that both the high-frequency load component and the quasi-static component are affected by trapped air, and that 3D simulations can capture the air movement more realistically than the 2D ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…While the majority of the numerical studies focused on two-dimensional (2D) models, some of them pointed out that the interaction between a deck and the wave is not a completely two-dimensional process, especially when (i) the deck has diaphragms that trap the air [44][45][46], (ii) the elevated slab has air-vents [19], (iii) the deck is skewed [47][48][49] (iv) the wave is oblique [49], or (v) water-borne debris is trapped in front of the deck at an off-center location [50]. For example, Bozognia and Lee [44] showed that simplified 2D simulations of periodic waves impacting a concrete deck with diaphragms, could not represent the motion of air in the longitudinal direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

Tao¹,

Istrati²

2021

Preprint

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Given the documented wave-induced damage of elevated coastal decks during extreme natural hazards (e.g. hurricanes) in the last two decades, it is of utmost significance to decipher the wave-structure-interaction of complex deck geometries and quantify the associated loads. Therefore, this study focuses on the assessment of solitary wave impact on open-girder decks that allow the air to escape from the sides. To this end, an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) numerical method with a multi-phase compressible formulation is used for the development of three-dimensional hydrodynamic models, which are validated against a large-scale experimental dataset of a coastal deck. Using the validated model as a baseline, a parametric investigation of different deck geometries with a varying number of girders Ng and three different widths, was conducted. The results reveal that the Ng of a superstructure has a complex role and that for small wave heights the horizontal and uplift forces increase with the Ng, while for large waves the opposite happens. If the Ng is small the wave particles accelerate after the initial impact on the offshore girder leading to a more violent slamming on the onshore part of the deck and larger pressures and forces, however, if Ng is large then unsynchronized eddies are formed in each chamber, which dissipate energy and apply out-of-phase pressures that result in multiple but weaker impacts on the deck. The decomposition of the total loads into slamming and quasi-static components, reveals surprisingly consistent trends for all the simulated waves, which facilitates the development of predictive load equations. These new equations, which are a function of Ng and are limited by the ratio of the wavelength to the deck width, provide more accurate predictions than existing empirical methods, and are expected to be useful to both engineers and researchers working towards the development of resilient coastal infrastructure.

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“…Sk and Sε are user-specified source terms. Details about evaluating the turbulence terms are found in a number of references [16]. The models' computational domain consisted of long (approximately 40 m) culvert that emptied into an area with the baffled dam described by [2] as shown on Figure 3.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamic (Cfd) Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

United States Bureau of Reclamation Type IX Baffled Chute Spillways: A New Examination of Accepted Design Methodology Using CFD and Monte Carlo Simulations, Part I

Brown

Crowley

2018

Ecws-3

Self Cite

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So-called “Type IX” chute spillways with impact baffle blocks have been used successfully around the globe for over 50 years. A key advantage of the chute spillway is the elimination of a costly stilling basin allowing for a more simplistic outlet works design. The current design process is based upon physical models developed in the 1950s and observation of completed projects over the last 50 years. The design procedure is empirical and provides the designer with a range of workable layouts, baffle heights, and baffle spacing. Unfortunately, this approach may not be optimal. This first study of a longer research effort focus uses Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the design methodology and physical model basis for the current design procedure. Initially, the study examined the design procedure with a Monte Carlo simulation to explore the range of acceptable designs that can be realized. Then, using CFD, full-scale prototype (located in Gila, Arizona USA) physical model results that were a key basis for the current design procedure were recreated. The study revealed that a wide range of acceptable chute designs can result from following the current design procedure but that some of these may be better than others. The study also outlines future research efforts needed to revise the current design methodology.

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A three-dimensional computational analysis of bridges subjected to monochromatic wave attack

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

Assessment of Extreme Wave Impact on Coastal Decks with Different Geometries via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

United States Bureau of Reclamation Type IX Baffled Chute Spillways: A New Examination of Accepted Design Methodology Using CFD and Monte Carlo Simulations, Part I

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