A Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Contact Analysis of Vickers Indenter on a Deep Drawing Quality Steel Sheet

Abstract

Three-dimensional finite element-based numerical analysis of Vickers indenter hardness test was conducted to investigate the effect of frictional conditions and material anisotropy on indentation results of deep drawing quality steel sheets. The strain hardening properties and Lankford’s coefficient were determined through the uniaxial tensile tests. The numerical computations were carried out using ABAQUS nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis software. Numerical simulations taken into account anisotropy of material described by Hill (1948) yield a criterion. The stress and strain distributions and loading–unloading characteristics were considered to study the response of the material. It was found that the hardness values seemed to be influenced by the value of the friction coefficient due to the pile-up phenomenon observed. The increasing of the friction coefficient led to a decrease of the pile-up value. Moreover, the width of the pile-ups differed from each other in the two perpendicular directions of measurement. Frictional conditions did not significantly affect the maximum force and the character of load–displacement curves. Frictional regime between the indenter and workpiece caused that the region of maximum residual stresses to be located in the subsurface.

Load-Independent Hardness and Indentation Size Effect in Iron Aluminides

“…It can be seen that a near-perfect square shape is obtained at higher indentation loads. At high indentation loads, a slight distortion is present, which is the result of elastic recovery during the unloading and the removal of the indenter, as found by Trzepiecinski and Lemu [33]. However, at lower indentation loads, a slight sink-in phenomenon is observed, resulting in a minor concavity of the indentation, typical for elastic materials [34].…”

Correlations between Microscale Indentation Creep and Macroscale Tensile Creep of Polymers

“…In the tensile creep experiments, the stress within the whole specimen in the same ( Figure 5 a), while indentation creep experiments exhibit inhomogeneous stress distribution, with a maximum stress just below the tip and gradual non-linear decrease at all directions ( Figure 5 b). For the sake of completeness, we should note that the stress field during the tensile creep experiments can somewhat change as the specimen is deformed, but the basic difference between homogeneous and non-homogeneous nature of the stress distribution during tensile and indentation experiments is evident and well-documented in the literature [ 10 , 47 ]. The loading rates in tensile and indentation creep experiments differ due to different experimental setups.…”

Metrological Comparison of Available Methods to Correct Edge-Effect Local Plasticity in Instrumented Indentation Test

“…Therefore, prior stress and strain aging affect the phenomenon [ 36 ]. Edge effect is quite common in several materials [ 37 ], biasing results of both conventional steel grades, e.g., for spur gear manufacturing [ 38 ], and for deep drawing applications [ 39 ], and advanced materials, both polycrystalline [ 34 , 40 , 41 ] and monocrystalline [ 42 ].…”