A three-dimensional kinematic method for determining the effectiveness of arm segment rotations in producing racquet-head speed

Sprigings, Eric J.; Marshall, Robert N.; Elliott, Bruce; Jennings, Leslie

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(94)90001-9

Cited by 138 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3,[10][11][12] As noted in prior studies, shoulder internal rotation is directly associated with racquet speed and ball velocity after impact, and shoulder external rotation is associated with shoulder internal rotation function. [8][9][10] Hence, effective movement of the glenohumeral joint, during the tennis serve, is a critical element to the mechanics of the serve but also critical to minimizing the risk of injury to the shoulder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In terms of improved performance, we can only speculate that the improved shoulder internal rotation velocity might result in improved ball velocity after contact with the racquet; we did not measure ball velocity in this study. However, prior research by Sprigings et al 10 reported that racquet-head speed was most dependent on shoulder internal rotation velocity. The present results are fairly consistent with prior research in terms of peak internal rotation velocity, with values ranging from 620°/s in trained tennis players to 1370°/s in professional female tennis players.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…9 Not surprisingly, shoulder internal and external rotation motions, which are dependent on scapular positioning, are associated with shoulder injury in athletes, including tennis players. 9,10 For instance, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, which is defined as the imbalance of shoulder arc of rotation, creating excessive external rotation and a lack of internal rotation range of motion (ROM), is associated with scapular dyskinesia and subsequent injury to the shoulder of overhead athletes. 3,[10][11][12] As noted in prior studies, shoulder internal rotation is directly associated with racquet speed and ball velocity after impact, and shoulder external rotation is associated with shoulder internal rotation function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 For instance, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, which is defined as the imbalance of shoulder arc of rotation, creating excessive external rotation and a lack of internal rotation range of motion (ROM), is associated with scapular dyskinesia and subsequent injury to the shoulder of overhead athletes. 3,[10][11][12] As noted in prior studies, shoulder internal rotation is directly associated with racquet speed and ball velocity after impact, and shoulder external rotation is associated with shoulder internal rotation function. [8][9][10] Hence, effective movement of the glenohumeral joint, during the tennis serve, is a critical element to the mechanics of the serve but also critical to minimizing the risk of injury to the shoulder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We focused on internal rotation velocity, which is associated with ball velocity of a serve, and shoulder external rotation position, which is associated with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and shoulder function. 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Influence of Posture-Cuing Shirt on Tennis Serve Kinematics in Division III Tennis Players

Zappala

Orrego

Boe

et al. 2017

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a posture-cuing shirt on internal rotation velocity of the shoulder during a tennis swing and to determine this influence on shoulder external rotation position. Methods: Nine healthy competitive college tennis players from a Division III college participated in this study. High-speed motion capture allowed for 3-dimensional analysis of shoulder kinematics during a tennis serve. Two conditions were evaluated while the athletes performed a high-velocity tennis serve: a standard tennis shirt and a posture-cuing shirt. Results: Shoulder internal rotation velocity increased when wearing the posture-cuing shirt. Peak internal rotation velocity increased from 960.61°/s ± 93.24°/s to 1217.96°/s ± 155.01°/s (t = -1.76, P = .058). Internal rotation velocity at the time of impact increased from 765.18°/s ± 95.48°/s to 900.54°/s ± 105.33°/s (t = -1.50, P = .086). Shoulder maximum external rotation did not differ between the 2 conditions, at 172.00°± 2.92°and 170.89°± 3.70°(t = 0.325, P = .754). Conclusions: Wearing a posture-cuing shirt may possibly alter shoulder kinematics during an overhead sport activity such as tennis. Internal rotation velocity seemed to improve while wearing this shirt, although shoulder external rotation position did not change. It is not known if these improvements can influence injury risk. (J Chiropr Med 2017;16:49-53)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of Posture-Cuing Shirt on Tennis Serve Kinematics in Division III Tennis Players

Zappala

Orrego

Boe

et al. 2017

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Towards a wearable device for skill assessment and skill acquisition of a tennis player during the first serve

2010

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In this article, the possibility of using wearable gyroscope sensors for skill assessment and skill acquisition was investigated. Marker-based methods were used initially to capture the fast rotational motions and simulate the outputs of gyroscope sensors. Utilizing the marker-based methods, the angular velocity of the upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, and shoulder rotation were calculated for a range of athletes using the trajectory of Vicon markers with respect to the Plug-in Gait model during the first serve in tennis. Participants from amateur to elite participated in this study. Thirty successful serves from each participant were assessed. The results showed that the peak values of the upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, and shoulder rotation just before impact are indicative in classifying the participants' skill level. It was shown that all the three parameters, as well as the racquet head speed, increased as the level of proficiency of the participants increased. A line (R 2 5 0.89) was fitted to the scatter data containing the upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, and racquet head speed. The fit line is a function of upper arm rotation and wrist flexion. The fit line can be used as a potential skill acquisition tool to provide feedback on which variables (upper arm internal rotation, wrist flexion, or shoulder rotation) need to be improved. The positions of three gyroscope sensors to detect the same trends as those from the marker-based methods were determined. Therefore, it is envisaged that gyroscope sensors could be used for skill assessment and skill acquisition for a first tennis serve.

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The serve impact in tennis: First large‐scale study of big Hawk‐Eye data

Mecheri

Rioult

Mantel

et al. 2016

Statistical Analysis

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Analysis of dual sports performance typically involves observational techniques to gather data samples during actual competition. These techniques are limited by the amount of data that can be collected and the need to define the observable variables in advance. Today's advanced technologies have considerably overcome these limitations, enabling high‐volume data collection for post‐recording analysis. The present study was based on the three‐dimensional kinematic data recorded by the automated ball‐tracking Hawk‐Eye system between the 2003 and 2008 seasons in elite tennis tournaments, which provided a database of 262 596 points. The analysis consisted of an examination of the relationships between the various characteristics of the serve summed up by the resulting ball trajectory and winning‐point probabilities. The influence of factors such as serve speed, serve location, court surface, gender differences, and spin intensity on the winning‐point rate was assessed to gain insight into efficient serve tendencies in world‐class tennis. The implications for practitioners are highlighted and directions for future research in tennis performance analysis based on automatic ball tracking are proposed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016

show abstract

A three-dimensional kinematic method for determining the effectiveness of arm segment rotations in producing racquet-head speed

Cited by 138 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of Posture-Cuing Shirt on Tennis Serve Kinematics in Division III Tennis Players

Influence of Posture-Cuing Shirt on Tennis Serve Kinematics in Division III Tennis Players

Towards a wearable device for skill assessment and skill acquisition of a tennis player during the first serve

The serve impact in tennis: First large‐scale study of big Hawk‐Eye data

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