A three‐dimensional look for facial differences between males and females in a British‐Caucasian sample aged 15½ years old

Toma, Arshed M.; Zhurov, Alexei I.; Playle, Rebecca; Richmond, Stephen

doi:10.1111/j.1601-6343.2008.00428.x

Cited by 79 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consequently, the sample here includes the majority of ongoing active participants in ALSPAC at that age. For the participants who volunteered, three-dimensional facial images were captured using two high-resolution Konica/Minolta laser scanners following the procedure described previously [23,24]. Twenty-one facial landmarks (electronic supplementary material, figure S1) defined by Farkas [25] were then manually delineated on the three-dimensional facial shells and the X, Y and Z coordinates recorded according to procedures detailed in Toma et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial fluctuating asymmetry is not associated with childhood ill-health in a large British cohort study

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The idea that symmetry in facial traits is associated with attractiveness because it reliably indicates good physiological health, particularly to potential sexual partners, has generated an extensive literature on the evolution of human mate choice. However, large-scale tests of this hypothesis using direct or longitudinal assessments of physiological health are lacking. Here, we investigate relationships between facial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and detailed individual health histories in a sample (n = 4732) derived from a large longitudinal study (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) in South West England. Facial FA was assessed using geometric morphometric analysis of facial landmark configurations derived from three-dimensional facial scans taken at 15 years of age. Facial FA was not associated with longitudinal measures of childhood health. However, there was a very small negative association between facial FA and IQ that remained significant after correcting for a positive allometric relationship between FA and face size. Overall, this study does not support the idea that facial symmetry acts as a reliable cue to physiological health. Consequently, if preferences for facial symmetry do represent an evolved adaptation, then they probably function not to provide marginal fitness benefits by choosing between relatively healthy individuals on the basis of small differences in FA, but rather evolved to motivate avoidance of markers of substantial developmental disturbance and significant pathology.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial fluctuating asymmetry is not associated with childhood ill-health in a large British cohort study

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The facial scan was evaluated as having good quality when the average distance between right and left facial scan is 0.3mm and below and is the most suitable for merging (Kau and Richmond, 2008). Generally, 70–100 per cent overlap of the right and left facial shells with a tolerance level set at 0.5mm indicates facial shells suitable for merging, and any non-suitable scans were excluded from the sample of the study (Toma et al , 2008; Kau and Richmond, 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional analysis of the effect of atopy on face shape

Ali¹,

Richmond²,

Popat³

et al. 2013

The European Journal of Orthodontics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThree-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has been widely used to analyse facial morphology and has revealed an influence of some medical conditions on craniofacial growth and morphology.The aim of the study is to investigate whether craniofacial morphology is different in atopic Caucasian children compared with controls.Study design included observational longitudinal cohort study. Atopy was diagnosed via skin-prick tests performed at 7.5 years of age. The cohort was followed to 15 years of age as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A total of 734 atopic and 2829 controls were identified. 3D laser surface facial scans were obtained at 15 years of age. Twenty-one reproducible facial landmarks (x, y, z co-ordinates) were identified on each facial scan. Inter-landmark distances and average facial shells for atopic and non-atopic children were compared with explore differences in face shape between the groups.Both total anterior face height (pg–g, pg–men) and mid-face height (Is–men, sn–men, n–sn) were longer (0.6 and 0.4mm respectively) in atopic children when compared with non-atopic children. No facial differences were detected in the transverse and antero-posterior relationships.Small but statistically significant differences were detected in the total and mid-face height between atopic and non-atopic children. No differences were detected in the transverse and antero-posterior relationships.

show abstract

“…For alignment, the mid-endocanthion point (a point halfway between the inner corners of the eyes), which has been found to be the statistically most stable point of the face, was used as the common origin of the x, y, and z axes. 15,16 The transverse, vertical, and sagittal anatomical axes of the head were defined as the x-, y-, and z-axis, respectively. The marked landmarks were used to bring the scans into the same position and give them the same orientation.…”

Section: Soft Tissue Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sitting, standing, and supine body positions on facial soft tissue: detailed 3D analysis

Özsoy

Şekerci

Öğüt

2015

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A three‐dimensional look for facial differences between males and females in a British‐Caucasian sample aged 15½ years old

Abstract: Differences in facial morphology can be accurately quantified and visualized using 3D imaging technology. This method of facial assessment can be recommended and applied for future research studies to assess facial soft tissue changes because of growth or healthcare intervention.

Cited by 79 publications

References 16 publications

Facial fluctuating asymmetry is not associated with childhood ill-health in a large British cohort study

Facial fluctuating asymmetry is not associated with childhood ill-health in a large British cohort study

A three-dimensional analysis of the effect of atopy on face shape

Effect of sitting, standing, and supine body positions on facial soft tissue: detailed 3D analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About