A three-dimensional mathematical model of the human masticatory system predicting maximum possible bite forces

Koolstra, J.H.; Eijden, T.M.G.J. van; Weijs, W.A.; Naeije, M.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(88)90219-9

Cited by 335 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our human bite forces (700-1020 N) overlap experimental values of 730-749 N [5,6] and lie within estimates in earlier modelling studies of 678-1080 N [7,8], with variability across studies attributed to significant variation in muscle size between individuals and the level of muscle activation associated with different biting activities [5][6][7][8]. Erickson et al [13] (b) Bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex We are aware of two previous quantitative estimates of bite force in T. rex.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Validationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

2012

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Bite mechanics and feeding behaviour in Tyrannosaurus rex are controversial. Some contend that a modest bite mechanically limited T. rex to scavenging, while others argue that high bite forces facilitated a predatory mode of life. We use dynamic musculoskeletal models to simulate maximal biting in T. rex . Models predict that adult T. rex generated sustained bite forces of 35 000–57 000 N at a single posterior tooth, by far the highest bite forces estimated for any terrestrial animal. Scaling analyses suggest that adult T. rex had a strong bite for its body size, and that bite performance increased allometrically during ontogeny. Positive allometry in bite performance during growth may have facilitated an ontogenetic change in feeding behaviour in T. rex , associated with an expansion of prey range in adults to include the largest contemporaneous animals.

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Section: Discussion (A) Validationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

2012

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“…Bite force reached a maximum at the back of the mouth (second molar position) and reduced steadily as the bite point shifted anteriorly (for the same gape angle). This finding agrees with experimental strain gauge studies (e.g., Pruim et al, 1980;Koolstra et al, 1988). However, others do suggest that in vivo bite forces are lower at the second molar position when compared with the first molar (Mansour and Reynik, 1975;Spencer, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Predicting Skull Loading: Applying Multibody Dynamics Analysis to a Macaque Skull

Curtis

Kupczik

O’Higgins

et al. 2008

The Anatomical Record

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Evaluating stress and strain fields in anatomical structures is a way to test hypotheses that relate specific features of facial and skeletal morphology to mechanical loading. Engineering techniques such as finite element analysis are now commonly used to calculate stress and strain fields, but if we are to fully accept these methods we must be confident that the applied loading regimens are reasonable. Multibody dynamics analysis (MDA) is a relatively new three dimensional computer modeling technique that can be used to apply varying muscle forces to predict joint and bite forces during static and dynamic motions. The method ensures that equilibrium of the structure is maintained at all times, even for complex statically indeterminate problems, eliminating nonphysiological constraint conditions often seen with other approaches. This study describes the novel use of MDA to investigate the influence of different muscle representations on a macaque skull model (Macaca fascicularis), where muscle groups were represented by either a single, multiple, or wrapped muscle fibers. The impact of varying muscle representation on stress fields was assessed through additional finite element simulations. The MDA models highlighted that muscle forces varied with gape and that forces within individual muscle groups also varied; for example, the anterior strands of the superficial masseter were loaded to a greater extent than the posterior strands. The direction of the muscle force was altered when temporalis muscle wrapping was modeled, and was coupled with compressive contact forces applied to the frontal, parietal and temporal bones of the cranium during biting.

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“…It participates in predicting jaw movements, muscle activations, recruitment patterns and controls, resulting forces, or movements at the temporomandibular joint [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recently, some digital investigations based on the discrete element method were conducted on the food breakdown pathways during oral processing and the establishment of links between food fragmentation and initial food structure [13].…”

Section: Different Kinds Of Simulation/reproduction Of Masticatory Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

An update about artificial mastication

Peyron

Woda

2016

Current Opinion in Food Science

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The authors want to thank O. François (University of Auvergne) for his involvement in the development of the AM2 apparatus and in preparing the figures; and P. Riordan for English revisionDeveloping masticatory apparatus, chewing robots or an artificial mouth is an old but ever more important goal in food science, nutrition or dental research fields, as reflected by the number of existing digital or biomechanical systems. Whatever the objective of the approach, basic knowledge of the physiology of mastication, adaptation and neurophysiological control is absolutely needed before conceiving an apparatus. Obviously, the final step in the development of a mastication simulator is its validation before performing food or food bolus characterization. This validation step is imperative to avoid biased interpretation and can be performed through in vivo–in vitro comparison of particle size distributions in food boluses obtained after normal mastication. This kind of validated machine offers the chance to produce boluses for other related uses such as nutrient bioaccessibility or digestion studies, for example. Such an apparatus can also be employed to simulate different dental states or ageing condition

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A three-dimensional mathematical model of the human masticatory system predicting maximum possible bite forces

Cited by 335 publications

References 19 publications

Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

Predicting Skull Loading: Applying Multibody Dynamics Analysis to a Macaque Skull

An update about artificial mastication

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