A Three-Dimensional Time-Dependent Global Model of the Thermosphere

Fuller‐Rowell, T. J.; Rees, D.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2545:atdtdg>2.0.co;2

Cited by 376 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…The model used for the present study is CTIP, the coupled thermosphere ionosphere plasmasphere model (Millward et al, 1996a). This model has been developed during the past decade from the global thermosphere model of Fuller-Rowell and Rees (1980), the highlatitude ionosphere model of Quegan et al (1982), and the mid and low-latitude ionosphere-plasmasphere model of Bailey et al (1993). In CTIP, the thermosphere model and the ionosphere-plasmasphere model run concurrently and are fully coupled with respect to energy, momentum and continuity.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere

Bailey

Oyama

2000

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. Observations made by the Hinotori satellite have been analysed to determine the yearly variations of the electron density and electron temperature in the lowlatitude topside ionosphere. The observations reveal the existence of an equinoctial asymmetry in the topside electron density at low latitudes, i.e. the density is higher at one equinox than at the other. The asymmetry is hemisphere-dependent with the higher electron density occurring at the March equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and at the September equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. The asymmetry becomes stronger with increasing latitude in both hemispheres. The behaviour of the asymmetry has no signi®cant longitudinal and magnetic activity variations. A mechanism for the equinoctial asymmetry has been investigated using CTIP (coupled thermosphere ionosphere plasmasphere model). The model results reproduce the observed equinoctial asymmetry and suggest that the asymmetry is caused by the north-south imbalance of the thermosphere and ionosphere at the equinoxes due to the slow response of the thermosphere arising from the eects of the global thermospheric circulation. The observations also show that the relationship between the electron density and electron temperature is dierent for daytime and nighttime. During daytime the yearly variation of the electron temperature has negative correlation with the electron density, except at magnetic latitudes lower than 10°. At night, the correlation is positive.

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Section: Data Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere

Bailey

Oyama

2000

Ann. Geophys.

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“…Interestingly, in the hydrostatic models of Richmond and Matsushita (1975) and Fuller-Rowell and Rees (1980) a prognostic equation for the sum of enthalpy and kinetic energy of horizontal motion is solved. This eliminates the energy-exchange term and automatically guarantees energy conservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Richmond and Matsushita, 1975;Fuller-Rowell and Rees, 1980). Most lower-atmospheric weather prediction and climate models still rely on an alternative formalism of virtual temperature T v to account for the presence of water vapour and other constituents in the air (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using enthalpy as a prognostic variable in atmospheric modelling with variable composition

Akmaev

Juang

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Specific enthalpy emerges from a general form of the internal energy equation as a convenient prognostic thermodynamic variable for atmospheric modelling with variable composition, including models of moist air. This choice presents a general and flexible alternative to the common formalism of virtual temperature employed in most numerical weather prediction and climate models to account for the presence of water vapour and other constituents. The new approach eliminates the need for additional terms in the energy equation, resulting from composition variations along the air-parcel trajectories and routinely neglected in models. This note presents a derivation of relevant equations from first principles and outlines the changes to existing model codes necessary to accommodate the new formulation. Published in

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“…Many theoretical thermosphere/ionosphere models have been developed since 1970s, including thermospheric general circulation model (TGCM) (Dickinson et al, 1981), coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model (CTIM) (Fuller-Rowell and Rees, 1980) and their later variants. One common assumption used in these models is the hydrostatic equilibrium, under which the pressure gradient force is balanced with the gravity force in the vertical direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of non-hydrostatic gravity wave propagation in the upper atmosphere

Deng

Ridley

2014

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. The high-frequency and small horizontal scale gravity waves may be reflected and ducted in non-hydrostatic simulations, but usually propagate vertically in hydrostatic models. To examine gravity wave propagation, a preliminary study has been conducted with a global ionospherethermosphere model (GITM), which is a non-hydrostatic general circulation model for the upper atmosphere. GITM has been run regionally with a horizontal resolution of 0.2 • long × 0.2 • lat to resolve the gravity wave with wavelength of 250 km. A cosine wave oscillation with amplitude of 30 m s −1 has been applied to the zonal wind at the low boundary, and both high-frequency and low-frequency waves have been tested. In the high-frequency case, the gravity wave stays below 200 km, which indicates that the wave is reflected or ducted in propagation. The results are consistent with the theoretical analysis from the dispersion relationship when the wavelength is larger than the cutoff wavelength for the non-hydrostatic situation. However, the low-frequency wave propagates to the high altitudes during the whole simulation period, and the amplitude increases with height. This study shows that the non-hydrostatic model successfully reproduces the high-frequency gravity wave dissipation.

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A Three-Dimensional Time-Dependent Global Model of the Thermosphere

Cited by 376 publications

References 0 publications

Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere

Yearly variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere

Using enthalpy as a prognostic variable in atmospheric modelling with variable composition

Simulation of non-hydrostatic gravity wave propagation in the upper atmosphere

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