A three-stage DEA-based efficiency evaluation of social security expenditure in China

Abstract

There is an increasingly growth of China's social security expenditure(SSE) during the past decade. Regarding to the great responsibility and impact on citizens' welfare and economic development, the efficiency of social security expenditure has inevitably become the focus of growing attention. Based on Chinese provincial panel data over the period 2007-2016, a three-stage DEA model was conducted and found that the efficiency level of 29 provinces/ municipalities did not reach the efficiency frontier. Environmental factors and statistical noises have a significant impact on the efficiency of SSE, if environmental factors and statistical noises are not considered, the efficiency of SSE in China is likely to be underestimated. The regional differences in the efficiency of SSE were significant and ranked by descending order as follows: central region, eastern region and western region. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Hu Y, Wu Y, Zhou W, Li T, Li L (2020) A three-stage DEA-based efficiency evaluation of social security expenditure in China. PLoS ONE 15 (2): e0226046. https://doi.org/10.

Measurement and Evaluation of the Operating Efficiency of China’s Basic Pension Insurance: Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

“…At the same time, the study found that the level of regional economic development and the performance of government public service attacks also have a great relationship. 2 …”

“…At the same time, the study found that the level of regional economic development and the performance of government public service attacks also have a great relationship. 2 The level of urbanization. The level of urbanization is the degree of urbanization in a region, usually expressed as the percentage of the city population and town population to the total population.…”

“…However, there are big differences in the regional balances and payment ability of pensions in different regions. 2 The practice in developed countries has proved to be very meaningful. For example, after becoming a generalized system of preferences, the pension system is an effective system guarantee for resolving the basic life risks of the elderly.…”

Data-Driven Evaluation and Optimisation of Livelihood Improvement Efficiency

“…For example, various indicators have been constructed for educational improvement efficiency: Andonova et al constructed public expenditure as an input indicator and set output indicators involving secondary education graduates, secondary education completion rate, and total net enrolment rate, among others [3]; Tulio et al constructed evaluation indicators of the number of teachers and students, and the achievements of the students [34]; Cossani et al used the area of teaching facilities, academic staff, and operating costs, among others, as input indicators and the number and quality of publications as output indicators to measure the efficiency of the inputs and outputs of higher education [35]; Azar et al used public expenditure on education per capita as an input indicator and 'average years of schooling' and 'population with secondary education as the highest educational level attained' as output indicators [36]; and Afonso et al adopted school buildings per capita and primary school enrolment as output indicators [37]. Regarding social security and employment, Giovannae et al used childbearing services, kindergartens, services for minors, leisure facilities, and care facilities for older and migrant population groups as indicators [4], whereas the evaluation indicators designed by Yangming Hu et al include coverage of endowment insurance and minimum living allowance, employment rate, and the gap between urban and rural areas [38]. Regarding sanitation, Afonso et al used water supply per inhabitant and municipal waste collection per inhabitant as indicators [37], and Vivian et al employed evaluation indicators including diagnostic and primary health services [39].…”

Air Pollution’s Impact on the Economic, Social, Medical, and Industrial Injury Environments in China

“…Sui and Yang [ 23 ] utilized per capita social security expenditure as the input item and the number of social services and facilities, elderly population pension beds, hospital beds, and the Engel coefficient as output items. Hu et al [ 24 ] applied the three-stage DEA model to analyze the efficiency of the social security system in 29 provinces of China, showing the results of per capita GDP, urbanization rate, marketization rate, and financial autonomy that have a significant impact on efficiency.…”