A Three-Step Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormone and Mesenchyme in Metamorphic Changes in Anuran Larval Skin

Kawai, Akiko; Ikeya, Junko; Kinoshita, Tsutomu; Yoshizato, Katsutoshi

doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1331

Cited by 30 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…When exposed to blue light (460-490 nm) under a fluorescence microscope, anuran basal skein cells from tissue sections double-stained with haematoxylin and eosin can be easily identified because the keratin bundles are fluorescent in tadpoles and larvae but not in adult basal cells (Kawai et al 1994;Suzuki et al 2002). A similar approach was taken when studying halibut skin development during metamorphosis.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Rana catesbeiana, epidermal basal cells undergo differentiation in such a way that pre-metamorphic tadpole basal skein cells give rise at climax to larval basal skein cells, which become adult basal cells after metamorphosis Ishida et al 2003). Distinct skin cell populations have been identified and characterized during anuran development by using molecular, cellular and histological markers (Miyatani et al 1986;Kawai et al 1994;Suzuki et al 2001Suzuki et al , 2002Watanabe et al 2001Watanabe et al , 2002Ishida et al 2003). Such studies have revealed that changes in the skin of X. laevis prompted by spontaneous and TH-induced metamorphosis are accompanied by isoform switching of keratin proteins Miller 1987, 1989) and similar changes can also be induced by T3 in isolated larval epidermal cells in vitro (Shimizu- Miller 1991, 1992;Nishikawa et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular, cellular and histological changes in skin from a larval to an adult phenotype during bony fish metamorphosis

et al. 2006

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Developmental models for skin exist in terrestrial and amphibious vertebrates but there is a lack of information in aquatic vertebrates. We have analysed skin epidermal development of a bony fish (teleost), the most successful group of extant vertebrates. A specific epidermal type I keratin cDNA (hhKer1), which may be a bony-fish-specific adaptation associated with the divergence of skin development (scale formation) compared with other vertebrates, has been cloned and characterized. The expression of hhKer1 and collagen 1alpha1 in skin taken together with the presence or absence of keratin bundle-like structures have made it possible to distinguish between larval and adult epidermal cells during skin development. The use of a flatfish with a well-defined larval to juvenile transition as a model of skin development has revealed that epidermal larval basal cells differentiate directly to epidermal adult basal cells at the climax of metamorphosis. Moreover, hhKer1 expression is downregulated at the climax of metamorphosis and is inversely correlated with increasing thyroxin levels. We suggest that, whereas early mechanisms of skin development between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates are conserved, later mechanisms diverge.

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Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, cellular and histological changes in skin from a larval to an adult phenotype during bony fish metamorphosis

et al. 2006

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“…To identify skein cells, H&E-stained sections were viewed through a fluorescence microscope for autofluorescence of their figures of Eberth (Kawai et al, 1994). To determine sites of acid mucopolysaccharides (specifically the carboxyl groups), sections were stained by Steedman's modified method for Alcian blue 8GX, C.I.…”

Section: Histological Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugate localization in larval and adult skin of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: A lectin histochemical study

Kaltenbach

Nytch

Potter

et al. 2004

Journal of Morphology

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This study investigates whether or not the distribution of specific glycoconjugates within the skin is related to the regulation of water balance in the aquatic larvae and semiaquatic adults of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. A lectin histochemical study was carried out on paraffin sections of dorsal and ventral skin from tadpoles in representative stages as well as from adult frogs. Sections were stained with the following horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated lectins, which bind to specific terminal sugar residues of glycoconjugates: UEA 1 for alpha-L-fucose, SBA for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, WGA for N-acetyl-B-D-glucosamine, and PNA for beta-galactose. Results indicate that lectins serve as markers for specific skin components (e.g., a second ground substance layer within the dermis was revealed by positive UEA 1 staining). Moreover, each lectin has a specific binding pattern that is similar in dorsal and ventral skin; the larval patterns change as the skin undergoes extensive histological and physiological remodeling during metamorphic climax. These findings enhance our understanding of glycoconjugates and their relationship to skin structure and function-in particular, to the regulation of water balance in R. catesbeiana.

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“…Kawai et al treated tadpoles with thiourea, an inhibitor of the synthesis of TH, at an early developmental stage when the epidermis does not contain the adult basal cells (Kawai et al, 1994). The tadpoles failed to develop the epidermis containing adult basal cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis‐dependent transcriptional regulation of xak‐c, a novel Xenopus type I keratin gene

Watanabe

Tanaka

Kobayashi

et al. 2002

Developmental Dynamics

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Anuran larvae transform their epidermis to the adult counterpart during metamorphosis. The major event of this process is the proliferation of larval epidermal basal cells and their differentiation into adult ones. The present study isolated novel type I keratin cDNA dubbed xak-c (Xenopus adult keratin-c) that was exclusively expressed in adult epidermal basal cells. The gene started its expression in the larval epidermis at the onset of metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone (TH) induced the precocious expression of the gene in the epidermis of premetamorphic tadpoles. To study the transcriptional regulation of this gene in relation to epidermal metamorphosis, a 2.8 kb 5 -flanking region of xak-c was cloned and its promoter activity was investigated. Gene constructs were made so as to contain the xak-c promoter region and gene of EGFP or luciferase as a reporter gene and were transfected into various types of cells, which revealed that the 5 -flanking region had an epidermal cellspecific transcriptional activity in both anurans and mammals. Larval skin tissues of Xenopus were transfected with the constructs and cultured in the presence and absence of TH, which showed that the promoter region is responsive to TH, although the region did not contain the consensus TH response element-like sequence. In sharp contrast, the promoter region did not respond to TH in the adult skin, clearly indicating that the cloned region contains specific sequences that respond to metamorphosis-dependent transcription factor(s).

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A Three-Step Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormone and Mesenchyme in Metamorphic Changes in Anuran Larval Skin

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular, cellular and histological changes in skin from a larval to an adult phenotype during bony fish metamorphosis

Molecular, cellular and histological changes in skin from a larval to an adult phenotype during bony fish metamorphosis

Glycoconjugate localization in larval and adult skin of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: A lectin histochemical study

Metamorphosis‐dependent transcriptional regulation of xak‐c, a novel Xenopus type I keratin gene

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