“…Since tomato and other vegetables that could benefit from parthenocarpy are commonly propagated from seeds, hence only genetic sources for facultative parthenocarpy, where seeded fruits can develop following successful fertilization (Varoquaux et al, 2000), are of practical value. Presently, the most extensively characterized nontransgenic sources for facultative parthenocarpy in tomato are as follows: the three monogenic sources, pat (Beraldi et al, 2004; presumably a mutated Solyc03g120910, Selleri, 2011;Soressi and Salamini, 1975), procera (a mutated SlDELLA, Bassel et al, 2008) and entire (mutated SlAUX/IAA9, Mazzucato et al, 2015;Saito et al, 2011), all of which manifest undesired pleiotropic effects; and the three digenic sources, pat-2 (Hazra and Dutta, 2010;Vardy et al, 1989), IL5-1 and IVT-line 1 (Gorguet et al, 2008), all manifesting acceptable parthenocarpic phenotype; and the inferior oligogenic source pat-3/pat-4 (Nuez et al, 1986;Philouze and Maisonneuve, 1978). Despite the importance of this trait, exploitation of these mutants in breeding programmes is still rather limited.…”