The mechanical properties and failure patterns of rock mass are greatly influenced by the presence of numerous initial cracks. This study aims to investigate the impact of crack inclination angle on the strength of damaged rock mass. To achieve this, rock specimens with cracks inclined at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° were prepared, and laboratory mechanical tests were conducted. The tests examined the influence of different crack inclination angles on rock strength and failure patterns. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed to study the effect of crack angle on stress distribution and deformation size during axial loading. The analysis of the failure patterns of rock mass under different crack angles revealed that the initial cracks weaken the strength of the rock mass. Moreover, the weakening effect decreases as the crack angle increases. The numerical simulations showed that the weakening effect is caused by significant stress concentration at the crack tip, leading to crack propagation from the crack tips. The simulation analysis further demonstrated that crack development aligns with the stress distribution in rock mass, starting from the crack tip where the stress is highest and propagating along the direction of internal stress until the specimen is ultimately destroyed.