“…Therefore, in order to make full use of the unique advantage of BEM in dealing with the singular behaviour at crack tips and the superior flexibility of FEM in modelling complex structures and boundary conditions, several researchers proposed the BEM-FEM coupling methods to solve complex crack problems [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Actually, the BEM-FEM coupling techniques stem from the pioneering work of Zienkiewicz et al [21] and Brebbia and Georgiou [22], and now have appeared in the areas of flexoelectricity [23], vibroacoustic response [24], fluid-structure interaction [25] and soil-structure interaction [26], among others. Note that, for crack problems thus far, the BEM formulation for the BEM subdomain containing cracks has been established using the non-crack Kelvin fundamental solutions, and therefore, one also needs to consider the stress boundary conditions on crack surfaces and employ special crack-tip boundary elements to reflect the singular behaviour, which makes it inconvenient to calculate the SIFs at crack tips, even if the coupled BEM-FEM procedure has been adopted.…”