“…If, furthermore, the flux paths are in the orthogonal plane to the rotor axis, a 2D FEM-model can be applied. For special 3D geometry effects such as skewing 2D models can be applied as well by interconnecting several 2D models (Boualem and Piriou, 1998;Dziwniel et al, 2000;Dziwniel et al, 1999;Piriou and Razek, 1990;Williamson et al, 1990;Williamson et al, 1995;Gyselinck et al, 2001;Ho and Fu, 1997;de Oliveira et al, 2004). In general, all the other cases require 3D models.…”