A tin–bismuth alloy electrode for the cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of iron in coastal waters

Abstract

This method can also be applied to the determination of iron in coastal rivers and seawater with satisfactory results.

Speciation determination of iron and its spatial and seasonal distribution in coastal river

“…However, most of these methods require complex and expensive analytical equipment, limiting their potential application. Electrochemical methods have been identified as an extremely sensitive method for Fe determination, with various benefits, including simple equipment requirements, low costs, low detection limit, fast analysis speed 26 – 28 and easily automated detection 29 – 31 . Several complexing agents have been used to accumulate Fe complexes onto electrode surfaces, such as 1-(2-piridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) 32 , 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN) 33 and 2, 3-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) 34 .…”

Graphene oxide-assisted synthesis of bismuth nanosheets for catalytic stripping voltammetric determination of iron in coastal waters

“…However, the utilization of bismuth-based electrode for the determination of Fe(III) has attracted only limited attention. Ex-situ deposited bismuth film electrodes [25,26] and tin-bismuth alloy electrode [27] have been developed for iron determination with the aid of chelating agents. Considering the fascinating properties of nanomaterial, bismuth with a nanostructure may be a good candidate to modify the electrode with the better analytical selectivity and sensitivity in the determination of Fe(III) because of its various shapes, sizes, large surface areas and excellent electronic properties.…”

A simple, fast and inexpensive approach to quantify low concentrations of iron in biodiesel by voltammetry after extraction induced by microemulsion breaking

“…42,43 Furthermore, acetate buffer is widely used in methods by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), including the three methods found in the literature involving the complex Fe(III)-PAN by AdSV. [20][21][22] Beyond that, even if the anion acetate could form a complex with Fe(III) under the experimental conditions, it was not electroactive and did not interfere with both the adsorption and the reduction of Fe(III)-PAN from ca. −0.45 to −0.50 V, which can be evidenced by the zero I p in the absence of PAN and in the presence of acetate (Fig.…”

“…18,19 Voltammetric methods for the determination of Fe in other matrices, using the ligand PAN (1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol), have been reported based on the adsorption of the Fe(III)-PAN complex on the surface of working electrodes. [20][21][22] The development of analytical methods, including spectrophotometrics and voltammetrics, for the determination of other metals based on PAN complexes has been also reported since they form stable complexes of stoichiometry 1 : 1 and 1 : 2. 23,24 The quantication of metallic species in biodiesel represents a challenge for voltammetric techniques due to the high electrical resistivity found in this type of matrix.…”