A tool for risk-based management of surface water quality

McIntyre, Neil; Wheater, H. S.

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.12.003

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Assessment of the current situation and future outlook for Bagmati River pollution is intended to explore alternative wastewater management options. The formulation of water quality management strategies requires interdisciplinary analysis of various potential causes of water quality degradation as well as corresponding solutions (Kannel et al, 2007;McIntyre and Wheater, 2004). Mathematical models simulate the pollution of water bodies for likely wastewater production and treatment scenarios (Deksissa et al, 2004;Cox, 2003;Radwan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Bagmati river pollution in Kathmandu Valley: Scenario-based modeling and analysis for sustainable urban development

Mishra

Regmi²,

Masago

et al. 2017

Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology

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a b s t r a c tWater pollution remains a challenging issue for the sustainable development of Kathmandu Valley despite several infrastructural, awareness-raising and policy measures. The paper assesses the sustainability of the surface water resources of Kathmandu valley by analyzing the water quality parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The case study of Bagmati River pollution is analyzed for current and future wastewater production and treatment scenario based on the two important indicators of aquatic health. The DO and BOD were simulated to assess river pollution along a 25 km stretch between Sundarijal and Chovar. Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model was used to simulate the current (year 2014) and future (year 2020 and 2030) river water quality conditions. The results showed that the water quality of the Bagmati River is relatively better during monsoon season due to higher river flow in comparison to the dry season. A comparison of simulated DO and BOD values for 2020 and 2030 with 2014 values indicated that the water quality of the Bagmati River within Kathmandu Valley will not significantly improve as a result of the planned wastewater treatment plants requiring additional countermeasures. The study pointed out the inefficiencies of the current practice of discharging untreated sewage into the surface water and causing largely in the river water and unsuitability of river water of water from the Gaurighat to the Chovar area. It is recommended to integrate river water pollution management and maintain ecologically to achieve the healthy urban development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Bagmati river pollution in Kathmandu Valley: Scenario-based modeling and analysis for sustainable urban development

Mishra

Regmi²,

Masago

et al. 2017

Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology

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“…Both lognormal and normal PDFs were used to describe hardness, with the most appropriate PDF varying on a site-specific basis. McIntyre et al (2004) developed a software called Water Quality Risk Analysis Tool (Water RAT) which provides a framework for the extensive analysis of uncertainty and associated decision-making risk. Among the methods included, Monte Carlo simulation is one of them with an easy-to-use spread sheet interface.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Monte Carlo simulation analysis and risk assessment for ammonia concentrations in wastewater effluent disposal

Carrasco

Chang

2005

Stoch Environ Res Ris Assess

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High concentrations of ammonia in a river can cause fish kills and harms to other aquatic organisms. A simple water quality model is needed to predict the probability of ammonia concentration violations as compared to the US Environmental Protection Agency's ammonia criteria. A spreadsheet with Random Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations to model ammonia concentrations at the mixing point (between a river and the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant) was developed with the use of Microsoft Excel and Crystal Ball add-in software. The model uses effluent and river ammonia, alkalinity, and total carbonate data to determine the probability density functions (PDFs) for the Monte Carlo simulations. Normal, lognormal, exponential and uniform probability distributions were tested using the Chi-square method and p-value associated with it to choose the best fit to the random data selected from the East Burlington wastewater treatment plant in North Carolina and the Clinch River in Tennessee. It is suggested that different options be tested with a minimum of three classes and a maximum of n/5 classes (n = number of data points) and the highest probability (pvalue) for the PDF being tested be chosen. The results indicted that six violations to the EPA criterion for maximum concentration (CMC) were predicted when using 2000 RMC simulations and PDFs fitted to the available data, which violate the current criterion of no more than one violation over 3 years. All violations occur when the pH of the blend ranges from 8.0 to 9.0. No violations were found to the criteria of chronic concentration (CCC) using RMC.

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“…The water quality management strategy involves a series of complex inter-disciplinary decisions based on speculated responses of water quality to changing controls (McIntyre and Wheater, 2004). The complex relationships between waste loads from different sources and the resulting water qualities of the receiving waters are best described with mathematical models (Deksissa et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and dissolved oxygen control in the river Bagmati

Kannel

Lee

Kanel

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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A stream water quality model, QUAL2Kw, was calibrated and validated for the river Bagmati of Nepal. The model represented the field data quite well with some exceptions. The influences of various water quality management strategies have on DO concentrations were examined considering: (i) pollution loads modification; (ii) flow augmentation; (iii) local oxygenation. The study showed the local oxygenation is effective in raising DO levels. The combination of wastewater modification, flow augmentation and local oxygenation is necessary to ensure minimum DO concentrations. This reasonable modeling guarantees the use of QUAL2Kw for future river water quality policy options.

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A tool for risk-based management of surface water quality

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of Bagmati river pollution in Kathmandu Valley: Scenario-based modeling and analysis for sustainable urban development

Assessment of Bagmati river pollution in Kathmandu Valley: Scenario-based modeling and analysis for sustainable urban development

Random Monte Carlo simulation analysis and risk assessment for ammonia concentrations in wastewater effluent disposal

Application of QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and dissolved oxygen control in the river Bagmati

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