A tool to measure the economic impact of Hepatitis B elimination: A case study in Saudi Arabia

Sanai, Faisal M; Alghamdi, Mohammed; Dugan, Ellen; Alalwan, Abduljaleel; Al–Hamoudi, Waleed; Abaalkhail, Faisal; AlMasri, Nasser; Razavi‐Shearer, Devin; Razavi, Homie; Schmelzer, Jonathan; Al-Faleh, Faleh Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.004

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…16 This model has received feedback from experts in 94 countries, has aided in national elimination planning around the world and has not only been peer reviewed in multiple publications but also underwent annual reviews by other modelling groups while part of the Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] We based our model inputs on literature review, administrative data, institutional internal data and expert consensus (Appendix 1, Supplementary Table 1S, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/11/1/E24/ suppl/DC1). We entered Ontario population, 23 mortality and historical data in the Ontario HBV disease burden and transmission model (PRoGReSs model), including prevalence of HBsAg by age and sex, HBeAg prevalence and rate of high viral load among women of child-bearing potential, HBIg and birth dose for infants born to mothers who were positive for HBV, the annual number of HBV-related liver transplants, and treatment and diagnosis rates (Appendix 1, Supplementary Methods).…”

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness modelling of birth and infant dose vaccination against hepatitis B virus in Ontario from 2020 to 2050

Biondi¹,

Estes²,

Razavi‐Shearer³

et al. 2023

cmajo

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In Ontario, hepatitis B virus (HBV) ranks fourth on the list of infectious diseases with the greatest burden of illness by years of life lost, 1 and can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. Infants who acquire HBV have a more than 90% risk of progression to chronic infection. 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized birth dose vaccination for HBV as a key tenet of the strategy for HBV elimination. Vaccination within 24 hours of birth and 2 additional infant doses is more than 90% effective at preventing transmission and has decreased global prevalence from 5% to 1% in children under 5 years of age. 2 However, even after 30 years and adoption among more than 100 countries (including the United States, United Kingdom and Australia), 3 only 3 provinces and territories in Canada provide birth dose vaccination: 5 vaccinate in infancy and 5 in adolescence, including in Ontario. 4 It is hypothesized that the rationale for adolescent vaccination is based on 4 assumptions: all pregnant women are screened, all infants born to mothers who are positive for HBV receive postexposure immunization, sexual contact is the only other risk factor, and immunity from birth and infant vaccination wanes. 5 The National Advisory Committee on Immunization has proposed that each province must monitor for inadequate prenatal screening and preventable pediatric infections. 5 At present, Ontario does not have a centralized database to show that all children born to a mother who is positive for HBV receive birth doses and 2 subsequent doses, in addition to hepatitis B immune Cost-effectiveness modelling of birth and infant dose vaccination against hepatitis B virus in Ontario from 2020 to 2050

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Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness modelling of birth and infant dose vaccination against hepatitis B virus in Ontario from 2020 to 2050

Biondi¹,

Estes²,

Razavi‐Shearer³

et al. 2023

cmajo

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“…Despite the implementation of immunization programs in Saudi Arabia, timely dose at birth and three-dose coverage are estimated to be at ∼98% of Saudi infants. 15 So the infection control policy of College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura university, is to review the infant immunization records of students, if available, to assess their vaccination status. Many of the male students in the present study did not provide copies of these records and were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprotection of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Dental Students Two Decades after Infant Immunization and the Possible Need for Revaccination

Lingawi

Afifi

2022

Eur J Dent

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Objectives This study aimed to assess hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) persistence among dental students two decades after infant vaccination and immune response after revaccination or booster dose in nonimmune groups. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using laboratory reports for anti-HBs performed to dental students at the Umm al-Qura University from 2016 to 2020. Reports were classified according to baseline antibody titer into group I (titer <10 mIU/mL), group II (titer 10 to <100 mIU/mL), and group III (titer ≥100 mIU/mL). The basal antibody titer of each group was correlated to student's gender and birth year and compared with postrevaccination or booster dose titer in groups I and II. Statistical Analysis Data of baseline and postrevaccination anti-HBs antibody titers were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). One-way ANOVA was used to compare between different means for antibody titers of students as well as baseline and postrevaccination antibody levels for nonimmune students with nonprotective antibody titers. Pairwise multiple comparison of the difference between baseline and postrevaccination anti-HBs antibody titers were done by post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Chi-squared test was used for comparing between the frequencies. A p-Value of ≤0.05 was considered significant and p < 0.01 was considered highly significant. Results A significant percentage (73.6%) of students had antibody titer <10 mIU/mL, while only 4.8% had antibody titer ≥100 mIU/mL with nonsignificant difference between both genders (χ 2 =3.784, p = 0.151). A statistically nonsignificant difference was also found between the three categories of anti-HBs antibody titers among students with different birth dates (χ 2 = 13.817, p = 0.182). After revaccination of nonimmune students, 100% of them showed strongly protective antibody titers with mean of 842.88 to 844.58 mIU/mL. A highly significant difference was observed between the mean baseline and postrevaccination antibody titers in both genders, with a higher mean of post revaccination (p = 0.000). Conclusion Two decades after infant immunization, a significant percentage of dental students failed to maintain the anti-HBs seroprotective titer. So titer measurement should be made compulsory before they begin their clinical training and revaccination or booster dose should be given to nonimmune students to maintain a high protection level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Although highly effective hepatitis B vaccines are available and prevention of viral transmission has improved, 6 HBV infection remains a major cause of acute hepatitis 7 and is associated with a high health and economic burden. 8 Hepatitis B is usually an asymptomatic infection, 9 and this may explain why a large percentage of infected individuals are unaware of their condition. In 2019, only 10% of people with HBV infection worldwide had been diagnosed, and 22% of them (6.6 million people) were receiving treatment, 3 even though HBV therapy is orally administered, well tolerated and effective in…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LINK-B: study protocol of a retrospective and prospective project for identification and linkage to care of people living with hepatitis B in a large health area of Barcelona

et al. 2022

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IntroductionAn estimated 290 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide; in Spain, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is 0.4%. In our setting, many HBsAg-positive individuals are not linked to care, which implies a barrier to receiving treatment and controlling the infection. The main objective of this project is to evaluate the performance of a programme designed to achieve appropriate linkage to specialist care of HBsAg-positive individuals, newly tested or previously tested and lost to follow-up.Methods and analysisThis is a retrospective and prospective study in which all HBsAg-positive cases recorded in the microbiology database will be identified. The retrospective phase will include cases detected between 2018 and 2020, and the prospective phase will run from January 2021 to June 2022. The project will be carried out in a tertiary university hospital covering the northern health area of Barcelona with a catchment population of 450 000 inhabitants and 16 affiliated primary care centres. The central laboratory detects approximately 1200 HBsAg-positive individuals every year; therefore, we expect to identify around 4000 patients over the duration of the project. The medical records of HBsAg-positive individuals will be consulted to identify and retrieve those who have not been appropriately linked to care. Candidates will be contacted to offer specialist disease assessment and follow-up. A website will be created to provide HBV-related information to primary care physicians, and a mobile phone application will be available to patients to improve the linkage circuits and ensure follow-up continuity.Ethics and disseminationThe Vall d’Hebrón Hospital Ethics Committee (PR(AG)201/2021) and the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices approved this study. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This programme could increase the number of HBsAg-positive individuals properly linked to care and achieve better HBV monitoring, which will have a positive impact on WHO’s viral hepatitis elimination goals.

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A tool to measure the economic impact of Hepatitis B elimination: A case study in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Cost-effectiveness modelling of birth and infant dose vaccination against hepatitis B virus in Ontario from 2020 to 2050

Cost-effectiveness modelling of birth and infant dose vaccination against hepatitis B virus in Ontario from 2020 to 2050

Seroprotection of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Dental Students Two Decades after Infant Immunization and the Possible Need for Revaccination

LINK-B: study protocol of a retrospective and prospective project for identification and linkage to care of people living with hepatitis B in a large health area of Barcelona

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