This paper presents a level set-based topology optimization method for the design of an acoustic metamaterial with negative bulk modulus in an acoustic-elastic coupled system. To represent the coupled system, we propose a two-phase material model in which the solid and acoustic phases are mixed. This model allows the coupled system to be represented uniformly and avoids the need to impose the coupling conditions typically required in analyses of acoustic-elastic coupled systems. The effective bulk modulus of the acoustic metamaterial is represented using an S-parameter-based method and the optimization problem is formulated as a level set-based topology optimization. The topological derivatives for the two-phase material model are obtained using the relationship between the topological and shape derivatives. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the proposed two-phase material model and topological derivatives, and an optimal unit cell design for an acoustic metamaterial with negative bulk modulus is obtained at a targeted frequency.
KEYWORDSacoustic metamaterial, level set-based topology optimization method, negative bulk modulus, topological derivative, two-phase material model Recently, acoustic metamaterials have been investigated on the basis of certain analogous properties of acoustic and electromagnetic waves. After Liu et al 6 first described a sonic crystal composed of lead, silicone rubber, and epoxy that exhibits acoustic bandgaps, a variety of acoustic metamaterials were proposed, such as those with a negative bulk modulus 7 or a negative refractive index, 8,9 and it is expected that acoustic metamaterials can be used to make functional acoustic devices such as acoustic cloaks 10 and acoustic superlenses. 11