A Total Mortality Survey of Nine Batches of Broiler Chickens

Jackson, Craig; Kingston, D. J.; Hemsley, L.A.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1972.tb02303.x

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hemsley (1965) studying broiler mortality in 14 flocks and a total of 100,000 birds listed no renal diseases other than three cases of unilateral agenesis. This is an interesting contrast to Jackson et al (1972) who calculated that 2.3% of losses among their 70,000 broilers was due to visceral gout and 1.4% to nephrosis, presumably an infection with IB virus. Brigden and Riddell (1975) found that the incidence of gout fluctuated from 1.6% to 50% in their flocks, but the excessively high figure was believed due, not to IB nephritis, but to failure of water supply in one group.…”

Section: Cuboidal Metaplasia Of Bowman's Capsulecontrasting

confidence: 55%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Renal pathology of the fowl — A review

1981

Avian Pathology

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On the basis of published literature and some original observations a comprehensive review is presented of the current concept of renal diseases in the fowl. All aspects of this important but much neglected subject are considered including autolysis, intoxications, inflammatory and degenerative conditions, specific viral diseases, gout, congenital abnormalities and neoplasms. The aetiology and pathogenesis of some forms of avian kidney disease are well understood but there are large gaps in our knowledge on others.

show abstract

Section: Cuboidal Metaplasia Of Bowman's Capsulecontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The upper age limit is usually stated to be 5 days (Jackson et al, 1972), certainly less than a week (Hungerford, 1969) but up to 10-day-old chicks have been affected (Cotofan and Apetrei, 1975). This is not a new condition because it was described by Jungherr (1935) and Bullis and van Roekel (1944).…”

Section: Baby Chick Nephropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal pathology of the fowl — A review

1981

Avian Pathology

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hemsley (1965) reported mortality due to ascites in the U.K. as 0.03-0.04% (l.l-13% of total mortality). A study from Australia (Jackson et al 1972) showed mortality due to ascites ranging from 0.01 to 0.14% (1.7% of total mortality). A survey of several small flocks in Western Canada (Brigden and Riddell 1975) (Suresh et al 1988), outbreaks of ascites with flock mortalities l-5o/o (Banday and Maqbool 1992) and more extreme losses with incidence of ascites IC_-/;A% (Swire 1980;Anonymous 1985;Coello et al' 1985; Sarakbi 1988) were reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of ascites in broiler chickens

Olkowski¹,

Classen²,

Kumor³

1996

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Congenital heart defects result in a low incidence of ascites in broiler chicks usually within the first 2 weeks (Hemsley, 1965;Siller & Hemsley, 1966;Jackson et al, 1972;Julian, 1990a).…”

Section: Valvular Insufficiency and Right Ventricular Failure Causingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascites in poultry

1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYResearch on ascites occurring in meat-type chickens reared at moderate and low altitude has shown that the pathogenesis is similar to that of the high altitude disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by increased blood flow or increased resistance to flow in the lung results in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), valvular insufficiency, increased venous pressure and ascites. The structure of the avian heart, with its thin-walled right ventricle and muscular right atrioventricular valve, allows PH to induce heart failure quickly. The sudden increase in pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in meat-type chickens in the 1980s was associated with a rapid increase in growth rate and feed conversion. This was a result of a combination of genetic selection for fast-growing, heavy broilers with low feed conversion and a more dense, high caloric, pelleted food that supplied all the nutrients required for rapid growth and encouraged a high nutrient intake. PHS in meat-type chickens is usually primary pulmonary hypertension, that is, PH that occurs without evidence of prior heart or lung disease that could account for the increase in blood flow or resistance to flow that results in the increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. The lungs of birds are firm and fixed in the thoracic cavity and they do not expand to draw air into the lung. The blood and air capillaries form a rigid network that allows only minimal expansion of the blood capillaries when more blood flow is required. Air is moved through the lung by abdominal movement which draws air in and out of the air sacs. The anatomy and physiology of the avian respiratory system are important in the susceptibility of meat-type chickens to PHS. The small stature of the modern meat-type chicken, the large, heavy breast mass, the pressure from abdominal contents on air sacs, and the small lung volume compared to body weight, may all be involved in the increased incidence of PHS. There is limited space for blood flow in the avian lung. Factors that increase blood flow or increase resistance to flow are additive. Increased blood viscosity caused by the polycythaemia of hypoxia, or increased erythrocyte rigidity of high Na + , are more likely to produce PH in fast-growing than in slow-growing birds. Increased flow due to cold exposure is also additive. Ascites caused by PH is a production-related disease at low altitude. It can be prevented easily by restricting growth rate. It is possible that some meat-type chickens of the phenotype we have created have reached the limit of blood flow through their lungs and that future improvements in growth rate will only be possible if the lung and abdominal cavity capacities are enlarged.

show abstract

A Total Mortality Survey of Nine Batches of Broiler Chickens

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Renal pathology of the fowl — A review

Renal pathology of the fowl — A review

Changing epidemiology of ascites in broiler chickens

Ascites in poultry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About