A transaction-cost analysis of Swiss land improvement syndicates

Shahab, Sina; Viallon, François-Xavier

doi:10.3828/tpr.2019.34

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In general, green spaces are an essential part of the urban landscape, as they are crucial for the stability and sustainability of cities [7, 9-11, 14, 76]. Hence, designing and building green spaces should be a key part of any urban plan that aims to create sustainable cities with healthy communities [19,51,75,78]. Urban green spaces are known to have a cooling effect on air temperature [24,25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort

et al. 2020

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Background In densely populated urban centers, increased air temperature due to urban heat island (UHI) effect can undermine the thermal comfort and health of citizens. Research has shown that large urban parks can mitigate the effect of UHIs and improve thermal comfort, especially in the warmer months of the year when temperature changes are more noticeable. This study investigated the cooling effect intensity (CEI) of the Retiro Park in the center of Madrid at three different distances from its southern edge and the impact of this cooling effect on thermal comfort from physiological and psychological perspectives. This investigation was performed by measuring microclimate data and conducting a survey simultaneously during the summer days. Results The results showed that the CEI of the park varies with distance from its edge. Because of this effect, air temperature within the 130 m and 280 m distance of the park was, respectively, 1.6 °C and 0.9 °C lower than the temperature at the 520 m distance (the nearest heat island). After examining the effect of the park in terms of physiological equivalent temperature (PET), it was found that the PET at the 130 m and 280 m distance of the park was 9.3% and 5.4% less than the PET in the heat island domain. More than 81% of the respondents (in all three areas) had a mental image of the park as the place where they would experience the highest level of outdoor thermal comfort, and this rate was higher in the areas closer to the park. The analysis of citizens’ responses about perceived thermal comfort (PTC) showed that citizens in areas with higher CEI had perceived a higher degree of thermal comfort from the psychological perspective. Conclusion This study demonstrates the significant role of large urban parks located in the core of the populated cities in providing thermal comfort for citizens from both physiological and psychological perspectives. Additionally, the results of this study demonstrated that among the environmental (natural and artificial) factors around the park (topography, urban structure, etc.), the aspect ratio has the greatest impact on thermal comfort.

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confidence: 99%

Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort

et al. 2020

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“…Land readjustment is a policy instrument that reassembles property boundaries to make them more appropriate for future development (Shahab and Viallon 2019). While Germany is considered as one of the pioneer countries in implementing land readjustments (Alterman 2007;Home 2007), Netherlands and Flanders (and Belgium in general) have limited experience with this land policy instrument.…”

Section: Land Readjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of municipal land policies: housing development in Germany, Belgium, and Netherlands

Shahab

Hartmann

Jonkman

2020

European Planning Studies

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How do municipalities strategically use land policy to develop land for housing? The development of housing is a challenge for many European countries, though the scale and time of it differs. Issues are not always about the absolute number of houses that need to be supplied in a country. The distribution and quality of houses affect the demand for housing. Land policy determines where and how future developments take place, and as a result, it has a considerable impact on both supply and demand of housing. Municipalities use different strategies of land policy to pursue housing goals. This paper aims to explore the rationalities underpinning such strategies of land policy. Therefore, a theory on pluralism-Cultural Theoryis employed to understand municipal strategies in different contexts, i.e. Germany (Ruhr region), Belgium (Flanders), and Netherlands. Applying Cultural Theory to land policy results in four ideal-typical strategies of active, passive, reactive, and protective land policies. Despite the fact that the decisions of municipalities are made within (or constrained by) their institutional environments (i.e. national/regional planning systems, development cultures, etc.), we found that there are key similarities between the strategies of the studied municipalities regardless of their different institutional environments.

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“…Future investment into the local transport network would have significant benefits for the long term, in order to facilitate the use and market demands that generate faster growth patterns (Mosbah & Ryerson, 2016). It is worth noting that such market interventions generate direct and indirect costs for both public and private sectors (Shahab et al, 2018;Hou et al, 2019;Shahab & Allam, 2019;Shahab & Viallon, 2019).…”

Section: Planning and Regional Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Small Airports and the Impact on Regional Growth in the UK

Ralphs¹,

Shahab²,

Ahmadpoor³

2020

CUS

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This paper focuses on how the accessibility of small airports affects the regional growth in the UK. Three airports that have less than two million passengers annually, are used for this study: Bournemouth, Cardiff International and London Southend Airport. The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to investigate how the size of an airport influences growth and provides planning authorities support for permitting development around the airport, 2) to examine the impact that improving accessibility has on smaller airports, and 3) to analyse how regional development plans consider airports when airport developments occur. To this end, secondary data was used to analyse the current growth patterns linking economic indicators to airport use. Evaluating the accessibility of each small airport with the transport network by using a variety of databases and navigation software. Overall conclusions of this study show that the size of an airport is not as significant as the stability of the airports growth in influencing economic growth. Accessibility was found to improve regional growth around the airport and that the road network provided the best access due to the location of the case-study airports. Regional development plans considered airports as a gateway to drive economic growth with specific industries being supported. However, there is concern around airports for their development into greenbelts due to "exceptional circumstances" by the National Planning Policy Framework. Provision of independent development plans related solely to airports reduces the decision duration by local authorities.

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A transaction-cost analysis of Swiss land improvement syndicates

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort

Urban heat resilience at the time of global warming: evaluating the impact of the urban parks on outdoor thermal comfort

Strategies of municipal land policies: housing development in Germany, Belgium, and Netherlands

Access to Small Airports and the Impact on Regional Growth in the UK

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