A Transactional “Second-Victim” Model—Experiences of Affected Healthcare Professionals in Acute-Somatic Inpatient Settings: A Qualitative Metasynthesis

Schiess, Cornel; Schwappach, David; Schwendimann, René; Vanhaecht, Kris; Burgstaller, Melanie; Senn, Beate

doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000461

Cited by 20 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(757 reference statements)

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“…For example, it is possible that respondents met the criteria for probable PTSD but were coping with different underlying mental health problems, resulting in more respondents meeting the threshold criteria for traumatic stress. It should also be considered that the survey was unable to reach midwives who have retired or have left the profession, given that one of the outcomes reported by health care workers who experience trauma is changing their position or leaving the profession . Nor was the study able to reach midwives who were not members of KNOV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Traumatic Experiences and the Midwifery Profession: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Dutch Midwives

Kerkman

Dijksman

Baas

et al. 2019

J Midwife Womens Health

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Introduction Traumatic events that occur in a clinical setting can have long‐lasting adverse effects on persons who are affected, including health care providers. This study investigated the prevalence of work‐related traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression among Dutch midwives. Additionally, differences between midwives working in primary care (independently assisting births at home and in birthing centers) and midwives working in secondary or tertiary care (hospital setting) were examined. Finally, this study investigated the support midwives would like to receive after experiencing a work‐related adverse event. Methods A descriptive, cross‐sectional online survey of Dutch midwives was conducted. The respondents completed a questionnaire about demographic and work‐related events, as well as the Trauma Screening Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results The estimated response rate was 23%, with 691 questionnaires eligible for analysis. Thirteen percent of respondents reported having experienced at least one work‐related traumatic event. Among these, 17% screened positive for PTSD, revealing an estimated PTSD prevalence of 2% among Dutch midwives. Clinically relevant anxiety symptoms were reported by 14% of the respondents, significantly more often among midwives working in primary care (P = .014). Depressive symptoms were reported by 7% of the respondents. The desired strategies to cope with an adverse event were peer support by direct colleagues (79%), professional support from a coach or psychologist (30%), multidisciplinary peer support (28%), and support from midwives who are not direct coworkers (17%). Discussion Dutch midwives are at risk of experiencing work‐related stressful or traumatic events that might lead to PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Midwives working in primary care reported higher levels of anxiety compared with their colleagues working in a clinical setting (secondary or tertiary care). Most midwives preferred peer support with direct colleagues after an adverse event, and some could have profited from easier access to seeking professional help. It could be speculated that midwives would benefit from increased awareness about work‐related traumatic events as well as implementation of standardized guidelines regarding support after a traumatic event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Traumatic Experiences and the Midwifery Profession: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Dutch Midwives

Kerkman

Dijksman

Baas

et al. 2019

J Midwife Womens Health

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“…13 The need for trained professionals within institutions to identify individuals who are at risk for becoming a second victim was emphasized in the literature. 13,14 The two types of indicators reported that can be used to assist in identification of a second victim include psychosocial and physical symptomatology. Examples of psychosocial symptoms include stress, anxiety, depression, worry, shame, inadequacy, difficulty concentrating, and guilt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of psychosocial symptoms include stress, anxiety, depression, worry, shame, inadequacy, difficulty concentrating, and guilt. 4,9,14,15 Physical symptoms may include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, anorexia, fatigue, muscle tension, and increased respiratory rate. 3,15 Literature on the current management of the second victim phenomenon is advancing knowledge on the subject; however, it is still incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 The HSOPSC is one of the more commonly used patient safety questionnaire at this time; however, applicability of the SVEST in identifying clinician exposure to second victimization is becoming increasingly prominent in the literature. 14,17,18 The original qualitative study on second victims revealed six predictable stages of recovery: (1) chaos and accident response, (2) intrusive reflections, (3) individual integrity restoration, (4) endurance of incident investigation, (5) seeking support, and (6) moving forward. 2,5,19 Full details of these recovery stages were previously published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Surprisingly, 68% of second victims stated they did not receive any form of support from their institution to help cope with the stress. 2,6,14 On the contrary, 57% of physicians recognize the need for an established intervention within healthcare organizations. 6 Turnover was identified throughout the literature as a common intention of second victims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second victims and mindfulness: A systematic review

Miller

Scott

Beck

2019

Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management

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Second victims are healthcare professionals who have been involved in an unanticipated clinical event or medical error and are negatively impacted on professional and/or personal levels. One of the most prevalent symptoms second victims endure is stress, which correlates with burnout and powerlessness. These symptoms may deeply impact second victims on professional and personal levels, but can also influence healthcare organizations. Distracted and stressed clinicians can possibly create a medical error and are at an increased risk to leave their chosen profession or institution. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the literature pertaining to the second victim phenomenon and the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on perceived symptoms. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to conduct this literature search. There were 23,294 articles for consideration, after the original search. The review identified n ¼ 15 publications as meeting inclusion requirements. These studies indicated that mindfulnessbased interventions positively impact stress, burnout, and self-compassion. Future research is needed to establish mindfulness-based interventions effectiveness on second victims.

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Clinical Issues — May 2023

Cahn¹

2023

AORN Journal

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THIS MONTH Indications for use of intraoperative autologous red blood cell salvage Key words: intraoperative red blood cell salvage, autologous blood, blood loss, transfusion, collection. Contraindications for use of intraoperative autologous red blood cell salvage Key words: intraoperative red blood cell salvage, red blood cell lysis, relative contraindications, autologous red blood cells, cell salvage devices. Second victim phenomenon after adverse events Key words: second victim, support program, Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST), adverse event, personal integrity.

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A Transactional “Second-Victim” Model—Experiences of Affected Healthcare Professionals in Acute-Somatic Inpatient Settings: A Qualitative Metasynthesis

Abstract: and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.

Cited by 20 publications

References 62 publications

Traumatic Experiences and the Midwifery Profession: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Dutch Midwives

Traumatic Experiences and the Midwifery Profession: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among Dutch Midwives

Second victims and mindfulness: A systematic review

Clinical Issues — May 2023

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