A transcriptional perspective on human macrophage biology

Schultze, Joachim L.; Freeman, Tom C.; Hume, David; Latz, Eicke

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2015.02.001

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Interleukins are a group of cytokines, which are involved in the induction of adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), pro‐angiogenic factors and signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB) and signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STATs) that are involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis (Fujiwara & Kobayashi, ). M1 macrophage activation results in induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐18, and IL‐23; production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen spices (RNS); antigen presentation; expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5; promotion of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses (Fujiwara & Kobayashi, ; Porta et al, ; Schultze & Schmidt, ; Schultze et al, ) which provides an effective mechanism for pathogen killing.…”

Section: Macrophagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…M2 macrophages also express high levels of endocytic receptors, including scavenger receptors CD163, Stabilin‐1 and c‐type lectins receptors CD206, CD301, dectin‐1, and CD209. Furthermore, M2 macrophages recruit Th2, regulatory T cells (Tregs), eosinophils, and basophils through secretion of the CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, CCL24 chemokines (Mantovani et al, ; Porta et al, ; Schultze & Schmidt, ; Schultze et al, ).…”

Section: Macrophagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease

Shapouri‐Moghaddam

Mohammadian

Vazini

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

3,400

2,541

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Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the surrounding micro-environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) Classically activated or M1 macrophages, which are pro-inflammatory and polarized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either alone or in association with Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α; and 2) Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages, which are anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory and polarized by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. M1 and M2 macrophages have different functions and transcriptional profiles. They have unique abilities by destroying pathogens or repair the inflammation-associated injury. It is known that M1/M2 macrophage balance polarization governs the fate of an organ in inflammation or injury. When the infection or inflammation is severe enough to affect an organ, macrophages first exhibit the M1 phenotype to release TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-23 against the stimulus. But, if M1 phase continues, it can cause tissue damage. Therefore, M2 macrophages secrete high amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β to suppress the inflammation, contribute to tissue repair, remodeling, vasculogenesis, and retain homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss the basic biology of macrophages including origin, differentiation and activation, tissue distribution, plasticity and polarization, migration, antigen presentation capacity, cytokine and chemokine production, metabolism, and involvement of microRNAs in macrophage polarization and function. Secondly, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of the macrophage subsets in normal and pathological pregnancy, anti-microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease and obesity, asthma and allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, and autoimmunity.

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Section: Macrophagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Macrophagementioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease

Shapouri‐Moghaddam

Mohammadian

Vazini

et al. 2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

3,400

2,541

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“…Therefore, investigations designed to study the molecular and cellular basis for macrophage phenotypic diversity and functions have largely focused on the activation, or polarization, of monocyte-derived macrophage by external cues, such as cytokines and microbe-associated signals 8, 910 . Nevertheless, it remains currently unclear whether polarization stages of monocytes are stable or represent transient states of activation, whether they account for the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of macrophages in vivo in health or disease states, and how many such polarized states exist 10, 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The development and maintenance of resident macrophages

2015

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The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the many roles of macrophages in health and disease states in vivo remain poorly understood. The purpose of this Review is to present and discuss current knowledge on the developmental biology of macrophages, as it underlies the concept of a layered myeloid system composed of ‘resident’ macrophages that mostly originate from yolk sac progenitors and of ‘passenger’ or ‘transitory’ myeloid cells that originate and renew from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, and to provide a framework to investigate the functions of macrophages in vivo.

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“…Intestinal macrophages differ in their transcriptional profile from macrophages derived from other tissues, such as Kupffer cell in the liver, alveolar macrophages or osteoclasts [33,34,35,36]. They display a specific phenotype with low expression of monocyte antigens such as CD14 or CD16 [21] and with low expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 or CD86 or pattern recognition receptors such as TLR4 or TLR2 [20,37].…”

Section: Tissue-specific Differentiation Of Innate Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Innate Immune System: A Trigger for Many Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases

Kamada

Rogler

2016

Inflamm Intest Dis

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Background: Mononuclear phagocytes, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are important cellular components of the innate immune system that contribute to the pathogenesis of many intestinal inflammatory diseases. Summary: While mononuclear phagocytes play a key role in the induction of inflammation in many different tissues through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-1, TNF, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1), free oxygen radicals (also termed ‘oxidative burst'), proteases (such as cathepsins) and tissue-degrading enzymes (such as metalloproteinases), resident macrophages as well as dendritic cells in the intestine display an anergic and ‘tolerogenic' phenotype mediating tolerance to commensal bacteria. In recent years many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes mainly expressed in the above-mentioned cell types have been identified to convey an increased risk of autoimmune diseases. SNPs in the NOD2, ATG16L1 and TNFSF15 genes, which are involved in the function of the innate immune cells, are identified as risk factors for Crohn's disease (CD). Of note, these genes are involved in the different functions in the innate immune cells. For example, while NOD2 is required for intracellular recognition of microbial components, ATG16L1 is involved in autophagy responses against intracellular microbes. Likewise, TNFSF15 contributes to the induction of inflammatory responses by innate immune cells. Furthermore, the frequency of mutations in these genes differs by ethnicity. Genetic variations in the NOD2 and ATG16L1 genes are associated with CD in Caucasians but much less in Eastern Asian populations, whereas SNPs in TNFSF15 are dominated in Asian populations. Thus, different genetic risks may eventually lead to similar impairments in innate immune cells, thereby developing the same disease in Western and Asian patients with CD. Key Messages: Despite differences in risk genes, similar mechanisms associated with the innate immune system may trigger autoimmune and chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases in East and West.

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A transcriptional perspective on human macrophage biology

Cited by 36 publications

References 100 publications

Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease

Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease

The development and maintenance of resident macrophages

The Innate Immune System: A Trigger for Many Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases

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