A Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Patterns of Gene Expression During 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation

Abstract

Background: Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass that results from increased fat cell size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation and differentiation of adipocytes play a critical role for better understanding of the pathological mechanism of obesity. However, the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation is still unclear. Objective: The present study aims to compare the gene expression changes during adipocyte differentiation in the transcriptomic level, which may help to better understand the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation. Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, GO and KEGG analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and oil red O staining methods were used in this study. Results: A lot of genes were up-or down-regulated between each two differentiation stages of 3T3-L1 cells. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that lipid metabolism and oxidation-reduction reaction were mainly involved in the whole process of adipocyte differentiation. Decreased immune response and cell cycle adhesion occurred in the late phase of adipocyte differentiation, which was demonstrated by divergent expression pattern analysis. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of Trpv4, Trpm4, Trpm5, and Trpm7 were significantly decreased in the differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, the mRNA expression levels of Trpv1, Trpv2, Trpv6, and Trpc1 were significantly increased in the differentiated adipocytes. Besides, the mRNA expressions of TRPV2 and TRPM7 were also significantly increased in subcutaneous white adipose tissue from diet-induced mice. In addition, the activation of TRPM7, TRPV1, and TRPV2 suppressed the differentiation of adipocytes.

The necroptosis-inducing pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like regulates the adipogenic differentiation of pre-adipocytes

“…To uncover the role of RIPK3 and MLKL during adipogenesis we used the murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in vitro model. 3T3-L1 cells are often used to study adipocyte differentiation and are known to recapitulate the pro-adipogenic transcriptional programs observed in vivo during WAT development ( Birsoy et al., 2011 ; Sun et al., 2020 ). To study the function of MLKL and RIPK3 during adipogenesis, we deleted both genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.…”

Involvement of TRP Channels in Adipocyte Thermogenesis: An Update

“…TRPV4 is also activated by diverse chemical compounds, including a synthetic phorbol ester, 4α-phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate (4α-PDD) and GSK1016790A ( Watanabe et al, 2002b ; Willette et al, 2008 ) as well as moderate warmth (temperature threshold higher than 27°C) ( Guler et al, 2002 ; Watanabe et al, 2002b ). TRPV4 is expressed in BAT and WAT as well ( Sun et al, 2017a , 2020 ; Uchida et al, 2018 ). It has been reported that insulin regulates TRPV4-mediated metabolic homeostasis in human white adipocytes ( Sanchez et al, 2016 ).…”

Analysis of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Immune Function During the Development of Collagen-Induced Arthritis

“…PIK3C2a is a gene that encodes a lipid kinase involved in regulating fat production, and increasing its protein levels may affect FA synthesis ( 41 ). TRPM4 is primarily expressed in adipose tissue-derived stem cells, and its downregulation alters histamine-induced intracellular calcium concentration, implying that it is involved in adipogenesis ( 42 , 43 ). ATXN2 is a pleiotropic gene linked to various diseases, including diabetes and inflammation ( 44 ).…”