A Transglutaminase-Related Antigen Associates with Keratin Filaments in Some Mouse Epidermal Cells

Clément, Sophie; Trejo-Skalli, Amy V.; Gu, Lin; Velasco, Pauline T.; Lóránd, L.; Goldman, Robert D.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12340949

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Both of them could be substrates for TGases, and are constituents of CEs (15, 16). In addition, it has been reported that TGase‐like antigens are associated with keratin filaments in keratinocytes (47). Therefore, Nile red‐stained material within the CEs might be insoluble aggregates composed of keratins, filaggrin, and related substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of immature cornified envelopes in the barrier‐impaired epidermis by characterization of their hydrophobicity and antigenicities of the components

Hirao

Denda

Takahashi

2001

Experimental Dermatology

104

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Cornified envelopes (CEs), rigid and insoluble structures in the stratum corneum, which are assembled by crosslinking of several precursor proteins by transglutaminases, provide a hydrophobic foundation for barrier function; omega-hydroxyceramides are covalently attached to the outer surface of CE components, and onto this hydrophobic assembly, lamellar layers of intercellular lipids are organized. Morphologically irregular, fragile CEs are found in the deep layer of the stratum corneum or in certain disorders, such as psoriasis, whereas most CEs from healthy subjects are rigid and polygonal. We have established a staining method to characterize such fragile CEs as immature and less hydrophobic CEs, and employed it to examine regional differences in the properties of CEs, especially in relation to the barrier function of the skin. CEs from the outermost stratum corneum of the trunk and extremities of healthy subjects were relatively uniform in morphology with larger shape, and were homogeneous in hydrophobicity as judged from the use of an environment-sensitive fluorescent dye, Nile red. However, CEs from the face were strikingly heterogeneous, and consisted of both rigid and fragile CEs. Rigid CEs were Nile red-positive and little stained by anti-involucrin. In contrast, fragile CEs were Nile red-negative but strongly stained with anti-involucrin, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Thus, CEs from the face were stained with Nile red or involucrin in a mutually exclusive manner. Fragile CEs were stained with antibodies against other CE components, including loricrin, envoplakin, filaggrin, and isopeptides. Such fragile, involucrin-positive CEs were detected not only in the face, but also in the deep layer of the stratum corneum of the arm. In addition, experimental barrier disruption resulted in the appearance of involucrin-positive CEs in the outermost stratum corneum. These results suggest that involucrin-positive, fragile CEs are immature and less hydrophobic, and that their occurrence is closely related to impairment of the barrier function of the skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of immature cornified envelopes in the barrier‐impaired epidermis by characterization of their hydrophobicity and antigenicities of the components

Hirao

Denda

Takahashi

2001

Experimental Dermatology

104

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“…Four of these, TGases 1, 2, 3 and ✕ are commonly expressed in epithelia such as the epidermis (Kim et al , 1991;Aeschlimann et al, 1998), although to date only TGases 1 and 3 have proven importance in CE assembly (Candi et al, 1995;Tarcsa et al, 1997;Tarcsa et al, 1998Candi et al, 1999. It has also been proposed that the cross-linking by these enzymes coordinates mechanically the association between the CE and the underlying intracellular keratin intermediate filaments , and perhaps also in the bundling of keratin filaments (Clement et al, 1998). The T G M 1 gene encoding the TGase 1 enzyme is located on chromosome 14q11.2 (Yaminishi et al, 1990;Kim et al, 1992).…”

Section: The Tgasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bricks and mortar of the epidermal barrier

Nemes

Steinert²

1999

Exp Mol Med

504

414

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“…Therefore, we undertook to examine changes occurring in the skeletal proteins of the lens as the latent TGase becomes activated by Ca 2ϩ in the tissue. This line of research was greatly spurred by our recent finding that a TGase antigen became tightly bound to the IF network in some fibroblasts and keratinocytes (13,14). The present report focuses on the intermediate filament protein vimentin as substrate for the cross-linking enzyme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

The Intermediate Filament Protein, Vimentin, in the Lens Is a Target for Cross-linking by Transglutaminase

Clément¹,

Velasco²,

Murthy³

et al. 1998

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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A Transglutaminase-Related Antigen Associates with Keratin Filaments in Some Mouse Epidermal Cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of immature cornified envelopes in the barrier‐impaired epidermis by characterization of their hydrophobicity and antigenicities of the components

Identification of immature cornified envelopes in the barrier‐impaired epidermis by characterization of their hydrophobicity and antigenicities of the components

Bricks and mortar of the epidermal barrier

The Intermediate Filament Protein, Vimentin, in the Lens Is a Target for Cross-linking by Transglutaminase

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